Lab 3

Question 1

What are solutions composed of?

Answer 1

One or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 2

Gatorade is an example of what? (Solvent, Solute, or Solution)

Answer 2

Solution

Question 3

What is the most important solvent in biology?

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

What types of substances does water dissolve?

Answer 4

Hydrophilic substances such as polar molecules and ions

Question 5

What are nonpolar organic solvents better at dissolving?

Answer 5

Nonpolar (hydrophobic) substances

Question 6

Why is turpentine used as a paint thinner?

Answer 6

It dissolves oil-based paints

Question 7

What is the general rule of thumb for predicting solubility?

Answer 7

‘Like dissolves like’

Question 8

What happens when an ionic compound dissolves in water?

Answer 8

Water dissociates the compound into its individual ions

Question 9

What is dissociation?

Answer 9

The separation of atoms of a molecule or compound

Question 10

What is dissolving?

Answer 10

When a solvent surrounds individual solute atoms or molecules

Question 11

What ions does sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociate into in water?

Answer 11

Na+ and Cl-

Question 12

What are hydration shells?

Answer 12

Rings or spheres formed around ions by water molecules

Question 13

How do hydration shells form around ions?

Answer 13

Due to attractions between opposite charges of water molecules and the ions

Question 14

Do hydration shells form around polar molecules like glucose?

Answer 14

Yes, but they do not dissociate them into individual atoms

Question 15

What type of bonds exist between the atoms in sucrose?

Answer 15

Strong covalent bonds

Question 16

How do hydration shells form around sucrose?

Answer 16

Water is attracted to sucrose’s partial charges, forming hydrogen bonds

Question 17

What are solutions classified as?

Answer 17

Homogeneous mixtures

Question 18

What distinguishes suspensions from solutions?

Answer 18

Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures with solid particles that may settle

Question 19

Give examples of suspensions.

Answer 19

Muddy water, salad dressing, protein shakes

Question 20

True or False: Solutions need to be shaken to appear uniform.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the concentration of a solution?

Answer 21

A measure of how much of a solute is dissolved per unit of solution.

Question 22

How are concentrated solutions defined?

Answer 22

Solutions with a lot of solutes.

Question 23

How are dilute solutions defined?

Answer 23

Solutions with fewer solutes.

Question 24

Give an example of a concentrated solution.

Answer 24

Ocean water.

Question 25

Give an example of a dilute solution.

Answer 25

Tap water.

Question 26

What are two ways to describe the concentration of solutions?

Answer 26

* Percent solutions * Molarity

Question 27

Why is understanding solution concentrations important in health sciences?

Answer 27

To ensure accurate medication dosing and avoid errors.

Question 28

What is one example of how antibiotic doses are measured?

Answer 28

mg/kg.

Question 29

How is blood glucose expressed?

Answer 29

mg/dL.

Question 30

How can blood-alcohol content (BAC) be expressed?

Answer 30

%m/v.

Question 31

What is the unit of measure for saline solutions in IVs?

Answer 31

%m/v.

Question 32

What do some labs outside the US use to express blood parameters?

Answer 32

Molarity.

Question 33

What does IU stand for in biological measurement?

Answer 33

International units.

Question 34

What is the significance of syringe calibration?

Answer 34

Syringes can be calibrated in volumetric terms or for specific medications.

Question 35

What percentage of patient incidents were medication incidents according to the Nursing Times?

Answer 35

11%.

Question 36

What is the most frequent cause of medication errors?

Answer 36

Wrong dose due to calculation error.

Question 37

List common errors made by nurses regarding medication.

Answer 37

* Not understanding units of measurement * Using wrong equipment * Calculation slips

Question 38

Which solution has more salt - a 5% NaCl solution or a 10% NaCl solution?

Answer 38

A 10% NaCl solution has more salt than a 5% NaCl solution. | There is 10g ofNaCl found in every 100 g of solution opposed to only 5g. ## Footnote The percentage indicates the mass of solute (salt) in a given volume of solution.

Question 39

What is molarity (M)?

Answer 39

Molarity, or molar concentration, is calculated as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Question 40

How is molarity expressed mathematically?

Answer 40

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / Liter of solution.

Question 41

What does the notation [NaCl] represent?

Answer 41

The molarity of a solution containing NaCl.

Question 42

If 1.5 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 1 L of solution, what is the molarity?

Answer 42

1.5 M NaCl solution.

Question 43

What is a mole?

Answer 43

A quantity that contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles.

Question 44

How much does one mole of Carbon atoms weigh?

Answer 44

12.0 g/mol.

Question 45

What is molar mass?

Answer 45

The mass of 1 mole (6.022 x 10^23 atoms) of an element in grams.

Question 46

How much does one mole of Sodium atoms weigh?

Answer 46

23.0 g/mol.

Question 47

What is the molar mass of NaCl?

Answer 47

58.44 g/mol.

Question 48

Calculate the molar mass of MgCl2.

Answer 48

95.21 g/mol.

Question 49

What is the molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6)?

Answer 49

180.18 g/mol.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: Molarity is measured in _______.

Answer 50

M.

Question 51

True or False: One mole of tacos is equal to 6.022 x 10^23 tacos.

Answer 51

True.

Question 52

What is the formula to calculate the molar mass of a molecule?

Answer 52

The sum of all its atoms' masses.

Question 53

What are ionic compounds made of?

Answer 53

Metal and Nonmetal

Question 54

What are covalent compounds made of?

Answer 54

Nonmetals