What is the shape of coccus (cocci)?
Round or spherical
Cocci are one of the three basic bacterial shapes.
What shape do bacillus (bacilli) bacteria have?
Rods, cigar-shaped
Bacilli are one of the three basic bacterial shapes.
What is the shape of vibrio bacteria?
Curved rods
Vibrio is one of the three basic bacterial shapes.
What defines a cocbacillus?
Short rods
Cocbacilli are a variation of bacterial shape.
Describe the shape of spirillum (spirilli).
Spirals, corkscrew-shaped, can be curved
Spirilli is one of the basic bacterial shapes.
What is a spirochette?
Flexible rods (wavy)
Spirochettes are characterized by their flexibility.
What are the arrangements of bacteria based on?
Location and the number of planes of division
Bacterial arrangements indicate their division patterns.
What does ‘diplo’ refer to in bacterial arrangements?
Two cells
Diplo indicates a pair of bacterial cells.
What does ‘strepto’ indicate in bacterial arrangements?
Chains
Strepto refers to bacteria that remain attached in chains.
What is the arrangement called when bacteria divide in a perpendicular plane to form four cells?
Tetrad
Tetrads are formed when bacteria divide in two planes.
What is the term for a cube arrangement of bacteria?
Sarcina
Sarcina indicates multiple planes of division.
What does ‘staphylo’ refer to in bacterial arrangements?
Grape-like clusters
Staphylo describes irregular arrangements of bacterial cells.
What is the purpose of negative staining of bacteria?
To observe size and arrangement
Negative staining allows for visualization without heat fixation.
What is a key advantage of negative staining?
Does not require heat fixation
This prevents bacteria from shrinking and allows for better observation.
What type of dye is used in negative staining?
Nigrosine
Nigrosine has a negative charge and surrounds bacterial cells.
What happens to nigrosine due to its negative charge?
It is repelled by bacterial cells
This characteristic allows nigrosine to outline the cells without coloring them.
Fill in the blank: Negative staining allows visualization of _______ microbes.
Hydrophobic
Hydrophobic microbes can be observed effectively using negative staining.
