Kanamycin
Antibiotic which enters cells and binds to the 30S small ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis.
Avery et al. (1994)
Tested various cellular macromolecules for their ability to transform R type (non-virulent) Streptococcus Pneumonia into type S (virulent).
Found that DNA was the only macromolecule capable of transforming R to S.
Transcription
The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template.
Translation
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of “language” from nucleotides to amino acids.
Transformation
1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell.
2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. When the external DNA is from a member of a different species, transformation reults in horizontal gene transfer.
Plasmid
A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that carries accessory genes seperate from those of a bacterial chromosome; in DNA cloning, used as vectors carrying up to about 10,000 base pairs fo DNA. Plasmids are also found in some eukaryotes, such as yeasts.
