Lab practical- reproductive

Question 1

primary sex organs (gametes)

Answer 1

testes and ovaries

Question 2

accessory sex organs

Answer 2

• reproductive ducts
• glands
• external genitalia

Question 3

scrotum

Answer 3

• made of skin and superficial fascia, contains the testes and helps maintain the proper temp 3 degrees lower than body temp
• does this via the Dartos and Crematster-muscles respectively wrinkle and elevate the testes to reduce heat loss

Question 4

testes

Answer 4

• covered by 2 tunics:
  1. tunica vaginalis-outer double layer
  2. tunica albugeinea- derived from the peritoneum /inner

Question 5

myoid cells

Answer 5

located in the semiferous tubules, these cells contract rhythmically to help squeeze the sperm and testicular fluids out of testes

Question 6

glans penis

Answer 6

the larger tip region of the penis

Question 7

corpus spongiosum & corpora cavernosa

Answer 7

• 2 of 3 erectile tissues in the penis

- surrounds urethra and the paired corpora cavernosa, which make up most of the penis

Question 8

Epididymis

Answer 8

• coiled 1.5 in long, uncoiled 20ft
• sperm created in the testes then travel for the next 20 days thru epididymis
• here, sperm become able to the swim
• sperm can be stored for several months in the epididymis, but if not ejaculated are phagocytized by epithelial cells

Question 9

ductus deferens (Vas deferens)

Answer 9

• 18 inches long, this tube runs as part of the spermatic cord from the epididymis up into the pelvic cavity, then over the bladder to terminate in the ampula where it joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

Question 10

urethra

Answer 10

• carries urine and sperm to outside
  3 regions:
  1. prostatic urethra (surrounded by prostate)
  2. membraneous urethra (in urogenital diaphragm)
  3. spongy (penile) urethra running to the outside

Question 11

seminal vesicles

Answer 11

located behind the bladder, these glands produce alkaline fluid containing the sugar fructose, ascorbic acid, the coagulating enzyme vesiculase & prostaglandins
-seminal vesicle fluid makes up about 70% of the volume of semen

Question 12

prostate

Answer 12

• encircles urethra

- the pH of its secretion is slightly acidic and makes up about 30% of total volume of semen

Question 13

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 13

• inferior to the prostate, these secrete mucus during sexual excitement to help lubricate the glans penis and neutralize acidic urine in the urethra before ejaculation

Question 14

Ovaries

Answer 14

• 2X size almond
• held in place by:
  1. ovarian ligament-anchors it to the uterus
  2. suspensory ligament-anchors it to the pelvis wall and
  3. mesovarium-suspends it in between

Question 15

broad ligament

Answer 15

• suspensory ligament & mesovarium

- support the uterine tubules, uterus and vagina

Question 16

tunica albuginea in female

Answer 16

• fibrous layer surrounds each ovary

- but no tunical vaginalis , like testes

Question 17

cortex

Answer 17

outer layer of ovary

Question 18

medulla

Answer 18

inner layer of ovary

Question 19

Uterine (Fallopian ) Tubes or Oviducts

Answer 19

• the oviducts receive the ovulated oocyte and are the site where fertilization generally occurs
• parts of oviduct:
  1. isthmus- connects the oviducts to the uterus
  2. ampulla- area at the distal end of the tube where it curves around the ovary
  3. Infundibulum- structure at the end of the ampulla that ends in ciliated fingerlike projections called FIBRIAE draping over the ovary

Question 20

Uterus

Answer 20

-AKA womb, size + shape of a pear , but can expand greatly
Regions of uterus:
1. Body- major portion of uterus
2. Fundus- rounded region superior to the attachment to the oviducts

Question 21

Cervix

Answer 21

• connected to the body by the ishmus -outlet projecting into the vagina
• the CERVICAL CANAL is connected to the uterus via the INTERNAL OS and the vagina via the EXTERNAL OS

Question 22

Wall of uterus: from outermost to innermost

Answer 22

1. perimetrium (peritoneum)
2. myometrium (muscular layer that contracts during labor)
3. endometrium (mucosal lining of the uterine cavity)

Question 23

vagina

Answer 23

-organ , AKA birth canal, is the female organ of copulation -3-4 inches lone

Question 24

vulva (pudendum)

Answer 24

includes all of the external genitalia

Question 25

mons pubis

Answer 25

fatty area over the pubic symphasis

Question 26

Labia majora

Answer 26

-run posteriorly from the mons pubis, these are the homologue to the male scrotum

Question 27

labia minora

Answer 27

-withing labia majora, homologues W/ the ventral penis

Question 28

vestibule

Answer 28

recessed are containing external openings of the urethra and vagina

Question 29

greater vestibular glands

Answer 29

- flank the vaginal opening - homologous to the bulbourethral glands in males, release mucus into the vestibule to keep it lubricated during intercourse