What is a range finding test?
pilot study-wide range of concentrations to be tested on an organism to find toxic ranges
What are the components of static tests?
beakers, small quantity of organisms, test quality of water and short time test
What is a static renewal test?
similar to the set up of a static test but the toxicant and solution are switched out at certain time points
What are some downsides to the static renewal tests?
more handling of the organisms which means more stress, more resources used and concentrations may not stay consistent
What is a recirculating system?
water is constantly flowed through a tank and is filtered
What are some disadvantages to the recirculating systems?
expensive, chemicals being dosed can be caught in the filter and risk of mechanical failure
What is a flow through system?
constant dose of chemical is given, water flowing in and out with pumps and flow meters
What is an example of a flow through system and describe it.
diluter system-start with stock solution, mixed with water in various chambers to get different doses to give to tanks
What are exposure routes test?
using material from contaminated site or spiked to test the organisms
What is a sediment test?
beakers with 2-6cm of sediment are placed in a flow through systems tank with 10-30 organisms per vessel
What is a porewater test?
centrifuging sediment to collect pore water and then can be tested on organisms
What is a spiked bioassay?
contaminate clean sediment
What are some issues that arise with diet exposure of toxicants?
may need to use gavage because animals may reject contaminated food and bypasses other forms of absorption
What are some considerations that have to be held when doing these tests?
if many organisms die in controls you have to start over, organisms must be of similar age and concentration of toxicant must be done
Why are primary cell lines good for in vitro testing?
examine specific mechanisms in isolation from physiological systems, study species specific not otherwise kept in toxicity and inexpensive
What are some parameters you can test for in cell lines?
cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and biotransformation
What is a YES assay?
estrogen screening assay-if sample contains estrogen it will turn pink
What is a microtox assay?
testing a chemicals toxicity by tracking the output of light by a bioluminescent bacteria-less light = more toxic
What is an Ames assay?
a genotoxic test that takes a bacteria that requires histidine to grow but cannot synthesize it themselves to see if after treating it with the chemical to see if it it can grow
Why are mesocosms a good lab test?
incorporate natural effects like light, nutrients, sediments and predator-prey interactions
What is a microcosm?
an outdoor tank, aquaria or tub for studying primary production, and community metabolism
What is a limnocorral?
a large enclosure within a lake that can control influx and efflux of water and ogranisms
What is a littoral enclosure?
in shallow waters, touches bottom of the shore
Why are ponds a good mesocosm?
organisms and vegetation come naturally once dug and can add own fish
