Lab Values

Question 1

pH

Answer 1

7.35 - 7.45

Question 2

PaCO2

Answer 2

35 - 45mmHg

• Avg 40 mmHg at sea level breathing ambient air

Question 3

PaO2

Answer 3

80 - 100mmHg

• Avg 97mmHg at sea level breathing ambient air

Question 4

HCO3

Answer 4

• Bicarbonate - important component of chemical buffer to maintain pH
• 22 - 26 mEq/L
• Avg 24 mEq/L

Question 5

SaO2

Answer 5

• % oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
• Basically the same concept as SpO2 but measure directly (SpO2 is measured using pulseox)
• 95 - 98%

Question 6

Acidemia

Answer 6

Elevated acidity of blood (pH < 7.35)

Question 7

Alkalemia

Answer 7

Decreased acidity of blood (pH > 7.45)

Question 8

Eucapnia

Answer 8

Normal level of CO2 in arterial blood

Question 9

Hypercapnia

Answer 9

Elevated level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2 > 45mmHg)

Question 10

Hypocapnia

Answer 10

Low level of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2 < 35mmHg)

Question 11

Hypoxemia

Answer 11

Low level of O2 in arterial blood (PaO2 < 80mmHg)

Question 12

Mild Hypoxemia

Answer 12

PaO2 60 - 79 mmHg

Question 13

Mod Hypoxemia

Answer 13

PaO2 40 - 59 mmHg

Question 14

Severe Hypoxemia

Answer 14

PaO2 < 40 mmHg

Question 15

Hypoxia

Answer 15

Low level of O2 in the tissue despite adequate perfusion of the tissue

Question 16

4 Components of Cholesterol Test

Answer 16

1. HDL - good because it carries LDL away + protects against atherogenesis
2. LDL - bad because it helps build up fatty plaques in the arteries
3. Total cholesterol
4. Triglycerides

Question 17

Components of a CBC

Answer 17

1. RBC count
2. Total WBC count
3. WBC differential
4. Platelets
5. Hemoglobin
6. Hematocrit

Question 18

Reasons for a CBC

Answer 18

1. Assess health
2. Diagnose + monitor a medical condition
3. Monitor effects of medical treatment

Question 19

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 19

PaCO2 > 45mmHg + pH < 7.40

• Respiratory is OPPOSITE direction (one value is low while the other is high)

Question 20

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 20

PaCO2 < 35 mmHg + pH > 7.40

• Respiratory is OPPOSITE direction (one value is low while the other is high)

Question 21

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 21

PaCO2 > 45mmHg + pH > 7.40

• Indicates retention of CO2 to compensate for metabolic alkalosis
• Metabolic is moving in SAME direction (both values are high here)

Question 22

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 22

PaCO2 < 35mmHg + pH < 7.40

• Indicates elimination of CO2 to compensate for metabolic acidosis
• Metabolic = moving in SAME direction (both values are low here)

Question 23

Hematocrit

Answer 23

Males: 38.8 - 46.4%
Females: 35.4 - 44.4%

Question 24

Hemoglobin

Answer 24

Males: 13.3 - 16.2 g/dL
Females: 12.0-15.8 g/dL

Question 25

Platelets

Answer 25

165 - 415 x 10^9/L

Question 26

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Answer 26

- Measures how quickly the blood clots (along with prothrombin time (PT)) - More sensitive than PT for minor deficiencies - Commonly used to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy or to screen for selected bleeding disorders - 26.3 - 39.4 seconds

Question 27

Leukocytes (Total + Differential)

Answer 27

Total: 3.54 - 9.06 x 10^9/L Differential - Neutrophils: 40-70% - Lymphocytes: 20-50% - Monocytes: 4-8% - Eosinophils: 0-6% - Basophils: 0-2%

Question 28

Total Cholesterol

Answer 28

Desireable: < 200 mg/dL Borderline: 200 - 239 mg/dL High: > 240 mg/dL

Question 29

LDL

Answer 29

``` Optimal: < 100 mg/dL Near optimal: 100 - 129 mg/dL Borderline: 130 - 159 mg/dL High: 160 - 189 mg/dL Very high: > 190 mg/dL ```

Question 30

HDL

Answer 30

Low: < 40 mg/dL High: >/= 60 mg/dL

Question 31

Triglycerides

Answer 31

Desirable: < 150 mg/dL Borderline: 150 - 199 mg/dL High: 200 - 499 mg/dL Very high: >/= 500 mg/dL