Laboratory stuff Flashcards by Emma Dedman

What happens to synovial fluid with age?

It gets thicker

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What size blade should be used for clippers when taking blood?

Size 40

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Ratio of hibiscrub?

50/50

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What alcohols can be used for skin prep?

Chlorhexidine
Iodine
Alcohol swab
Chloraprep

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Name of procedure for obtaining synovial fluid?

Arthrocentesis

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Where are synovial samples often used?

Stifle
Shoulder
Elbow

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Where is CSF extracted from?

Subarachnoid space in brain and spinal chord
Cerebellomedullary cistern

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What size syringe/ needle do you need for a CSF sample?

20-22 g spinal needle

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Avoid…….during a CSF sample

suction

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What sample tubes are needed for CSF samples?

EDTA or plain

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In a CSF sample, the first…… of………..should be discarded (risk of blood contamination)

couple of drops

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What temp does blood need to be stored at?

4 degrees cels. in fridge

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How can you check blood sugar levels?

Hand held glucometer
Biochemistry analyser

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Where can you take blood from for blood sugar levels?

Lip
Ear pinnae
Foot pad
Clipped area of skin (peripheral location)

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Name 3 Romanowsky stains?

Leishman
Giemsa
Diff-Quick

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What are Romanowsky stains better for?

For looking at WBC

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What kind of stain is methylene blue?

Supravital stain

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What are supravital stains for?

Looking at RBC

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What are hair plucks used to diagnose?

Demodex
Fungal spores
Bacteria

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What can skin scrapes be used to diagnose?

Sarcoptes
Burrowing mites

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What is responsible for 70-80% of ringworm cases in dogs and 90% in cats?

Microsporum canis

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What % of cases fluoresce under UV light if microsporum canis?

50%

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What % of cases fluoresce under UV light if microsporum gypseum?

Close to 0%

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What nm measurement does the UV light emit at?

365-366 nm

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What can excitement, fear or exercise cause an increase of in the animal’s blood?

WBCs

How should you hold a patient while CSF fluid is being sampled?

Head flexed rostro-ventrally

What colour sample tube should you prepare for a coagulation profile?

Blue

What liquid should you dip your scalpel blade into prior to performing a skin scrape?

Liquid paraffin

Which of these is NOT an appropriate site of venepuncture for a rabbit?

Lingual

Which is not an appropriate site for venepuncture in the cat?

Auricular ear vein

When taking an FNA, which best describes the motion of the needle within the tissue?

Fanning

What type of swab is used to transport potential bacterial samples when an ear swab has been conducted?

Charcoal

When using preservatives, how long does the “lifespan” of the sample increase to?

24-72 hours

What can cause red colour in urine?

Erythrocytes Haemoglobin Myoglobin

Myoglobin?

Oxygen binding protein In muscles If seen in urine: extensive muscle damage/ necrosis

Biliverdin?

Bilirubin that has been oxidised (exposed to light)

What do you need to calculate USG?

Refractometer

How do you calibrate a refractometer?

With distilled water

What does USG measure?

Concentration of urine

What could glucose indicate in urine?

DM Cushing's Hyperthyroidism Stress/ excitement

What could ketones in urine indicate?

Malnourished/ carb deficiency Liver damage Frequently together with DM

How do we test for urine sediment?

Spin urine in centrifuge to separate sediment and mix with stain

Appropriate speed and time for urine samples in centrifuge?

1500-2000 rpm 5 minutes

Appropriate speed and time for faeces samples in centrifuge?

1000-1500 rpm 3 minutes

Syringe and needle siuze for cystocenesis

10ml 23g needle

How long can a feacal sample be ketp in fridge?

7 days

Struvite crystals

Cystine crystal

Calcium oxalate dihydrate

Calcium oxalate monohydrate

Ammonium biurate

Bilirubin

Corrosive

Compressed gas

Hazardous to ozone layer

Oxidising

Serious health hazard

Acute toxicity

Flammable

Hazardous to environment

Explosive

Often used for fungal growth culture

Sabouraud's agar (Red to yellow if microorganism present)

2 typse of quality control steps

Internal and external

Angle head centrifuge degree of tubes?

40%

2 types of centrifuges?

Angle-head swing-out head

Speed and time for urine samples?

1500-2000 rpm 5 minutes

Speed and time for blood samples?

10,000 rpm 5 minutes

Speed and time for faeces samples?

1000-1500 3 minutes

Anti-coagulant tubes

EDTA Heparin Citrate

Normal PCV dogs

37-55%

Normal PCV cats

24-45%

Normal PCV rabbits

30-40%

Normal PCV guinea pigs

35-45%

What do you use to calibrate a refractometer?

Distilled water

What does a refractometer read?

Measures specifc gravity

USG reference range dogs

1.015 - 1.045

USG reference range cats

1.020 - 1.060

USG reference range rabbits

1.003 - 1.036

What number should we calibrate the refractometer to?

1.000

Total solids reference range for dogs and cats?

60-76 g/L

Preferred sample for most blood biochemistry?

Serum

Crystals found in alkaline urine include?

Calcium oxalate and cystine

Disintegration caused by blood being stored at too high a temperature is called:

Desiccation

You have taken a blood sample but you are not able to run it immediately. How can you store this sample until you can run an in-house biochemistry test?

Centrifuge the sample, separate the serum and refrigerate

Needle size for CSF

20-22g spinal needle

EDTA tube use?

Pink/ purple Haematology Minimal change to blood cells

Sodium fluoride/ potassium oxalate tube?

Yellow Stops oxidisation of glucose

Lithium heparin tube

Orange Plasma sample

Main supravital stain?

Methylene blue

Leishman's technique

Leave 2 min Add double amount of distilled water Leave 10-15 min

Giemsa technique

Methanol for 1 minute Stain for 30 minutes Rinse with distilled water

Diff-quick technique

1 second x 5 Drain x 3 (methanol, eosin, methylene blue) Rinse with DW

What would you use methylene blue staining technique?

Looking for abnormalities in RBC

Methylene blue technique

Flood with 1% methylene Leave 2 minutes Rinse DW

Histology sample pot: % of formalin?

10%

Maxium thickness of histology samples>

1cm

CFS samples: patient position?

lateral recumbency with neck flexed

Size needles for CSF?

20-22FG spinal needle

Tube to collect CSF sample?

EDTA or plain tube

Position for joint fluid sample

Lateral recumbency

Laboratory stuff Flashcards

(100 cards)