Xrays

Question 1

How long do the RCVS recommend that radiographs are kept on record / stored for?

Answer 1

6 years

Question 2

A radiograph taken using too low kV will likely show:

Answer 2

Soot and whitewash

Question 3

The usable x-ray beam comes from an area of the anode called the:

Answer 3

Effective focal spot

Question 4

What is the minimum distance that the x-ray table should be away from the lead lined screen or door?

Answer 4

2m

Question 5

The thorax has high natural contrast and also movement due to the heart beat and breathing. What settings are best?

Answer 5

Use low mAs to decrease exposure time

Question 6

What thickness of lead equivalent should lead aprons be?

Answer 6

0.25mm

Question 7

A

Answer 7

A Underexposed - mAs low

Question 8

B

Answer 8

B Overexposed - mAs high

Question 9

C

Answer 9

C Increased contrast - kv low

Question 10

D

Answer 10

D Decreased contrast - kv high

Question 11

Answer 11

A Underexposed - mAs low
B Overexposed - mAs high
C Increased contrast - kv low
D Decreased contrast - kv high

Question 12

FFD?

Answer 12

Film focal distance
= Distance between xray tube and plate

Question 13

What format should we save xray images?

Answer 13

DICOM

Question 14

Answer 14

Lateral skull

Question 15

Answer 15

Ventrodorsal skull

Question 16

Answer 16

Dorsoventral intraoral skull

Question 17

Answer 17

Open mouth rostral caudal oblique

Question 18

Answer 18

Lateral thorax

Question 19

Answer 19

Dorsoventral thorax

Question 20

Answer 20

Ventrodorsal thorax

Question 21

Answer 21

Laternal abdomen

Question 22

Answer 22

Ventrodorsal abdomen

Question 23

Answer 23

Dorsoventral abdomen
Not gold standard - can distort anatomical position of organs

Question 24

Answer 24

Lateral pelvis

Question 25

Answer 25

Ventrodorsal pelvis (extended hip)

Question 26

Answer 26

Ventrodorsal pelvis

Question 27

Answer 27

Mediolateral shoulder

Question 28

Answer 28

Caudocranial shoulder

Question 29

Answer 29

Mediolateral elbow

Question 30

Answer 30

Craniocaudal elbow

Question 31

Answer 31

Mediolateral stifle

Question 32

Answer 32

Caudocranial stifle

Question 33

Answer 33

Mediolateral carpus

Question 34

Answer 34

Dorsopalmar carpus

Question 35

Answer 35

Mediolateral tarsus

Question 36

Answer 36

Dorsoplantar tarsus

Question 37

Answer 37

Lateral spine

Question 38

Answer 38

Ventrodorsal spine

Question 39

Which anatomical landmark is used when performing cranial vena cava venepuncture in a guinea pig?

Answer 39

Manubrium

Question 40

What is the cranial collimation point for the BVA hip score?

Answer 40

Wing of ilium

Question 41

If an owner wishes to appeal the results of the BVA/KC hip or elbow score, they must do so within how many days of dispatch of the results?

Answer 41

45 days

Question 42

Which of the following radiographic views should be submitted for the BVA/KC hip dysplasia scheme?

Answer 42

VD extended pelvis

Question 43

What plane offers left and right portion of body?

Answer 43

Median

Question 44

What plane offers top and bottom portions of body?

Answer 44

Dorsal

Question 45

What plane offers front and back portion of body?

Answer 45

Transverse

Question 46

Plane for looking at limbs?

Answer 46

Transverse

Question 47

Parallel to median plane?

Answer 47

Sagittal plane

Question 48

Bending limb by decreasing angle of joint?

Answer 48

Flexion

Question 49

Straightening limb by increasing angle of joint?

Answer 49

Extension

Question 50

Moving dital area of limb towards midline with its axis on proximal joint

Answer 50

Adduction

Question 51

Moving the distal area of limb away from midline, with its axis on proximal joint

Answer 51

Abduction

Question 52

Limb moves in circular motion, pivoting on a joint

Answer 52

Rotation

Question 53

Shortening limb by folding limb medially, so distal area of limb is closer to body

Answer 53

Retraction

Question 54

Turning palmar/ plantar surface of paw dorsally/ upwards

Answer 54

Supination

Question 55

Turning palmar/ plantar surface of paw ventrally/ downwards

Answer 55

Pronation

Question 56

If you increase the film to object distance, then the image is:

Answer 56

Magnified

Question 57

When positioning a dog for a BVA / Kennel Club hip radiograph, the beam should be centred on:

Answer 57

Pubic symphysis

Question 58

For a lateral thoracic radiograph, the primary beam should be centred over which anatomical landmark?

Answer 58

Caudal border of scapula

Question 59

The usual settings for a forelimb radiograph are 65kV and 2mAs. A wet plaster of Paris cast is applied. What should the settings be changed to?

Answer 59

65kV 8mAs

Question 60

The primary beam contains x-rays with different energy intensities. What is this called?

Answer 60

Polychromatic

Question 61

For every increase of 10 kV, you should...the mAs

Answer 61

halve

Question 62

If you lower the kV by 10 you should .... the mAs

Answer 62

double

Question 63

If FFD is doubled the intensity of the beam will be reduced to ...

Answer 63

1 quarter

Question 64

If FFD is reduced the film will appear...

Answer 64

overexposed

Question 65

FFD calculation if mAs change

Answer 65

New mAs = old mAs x (new distance² / old distance²)

Question 66

Changes to mAs when using plaster of Paris

Answer 66

Wet POP = mAs x4 Dry POP = mAs x 2

Question 67

CT scan machines: amount of slices possible?

Answer 67

16 to 320

Question 68

Unit of measurement for grey scale in CT scans

Answer 68

Hounsfield units

Question 69

Penetrating power of primary beam: kV or mAs

Answer 69

kV

Question 70

Increases with depth of tissue: kV or mAs

Answer 70

kV

Question 71

Refers to number of electrons released from the cathode: kV or mAs?

Answer 71

mAs

Question 72

Quantity of xrays and time: kV or mAs?

Answer 72

mAs

Question 73

Controls density of image (how dark): kVs or mAs?

Answer 73

mAs

Question 74

Controls contrast: kV or mAs?

Answer 74

kV