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Labs Flashcards

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1
Q

Inflammation increases 5 labs

A

CRP, hepatoglobin, C Factor ferritin, serum ferritin, ceruloplasmin

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2
Q

Inflammation decreases 5 labs

A

albumin, pre-albumin, transferrin, RBP, Anti-thrombin

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3
Q

BUN

  1. About
  2. Normal Lab value
  3. If low
  4. If high
  5. Best used for
A
  1. About: Evaluates kidney function and hydration status (urea is waste of ammonia from urine)
  2. Normal Lab value: 10-20 mg/dL (remember hamburger is 10-20)
  3. If low: Fluid Overload, liver disease
  4. If high: Dehydration, renal dsy, burns, fever, DKA
  5. Best used for: meal intake may throw off the BUN Test
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4
Q

Sodium

  1. Normal Lab value
  2. If low
  3. If high
  4. Best used for
A
  1. Normal Lab value: 136-145
  2. If low: Hypoatremia - over hydration (caused by diuretic use (loop), heart failure, renal disease, CHF, cirrhosis, edema
  3. If high: Hypernatremia - dehydration (caused by kidney dysfunction, fever, burns, thirst, prolonged sweating/vomiting/diarrhea
  4. Best used for: fluid status
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5
Q

Serum Ferritin (“in” in the body)

  1. Normal Lab value
  2. If low
  3. If high
  4. Best used for
A 
1. F: 10-150 mg/mL
   M: 12-300 mg/mL
2. Iron deficiency 
3. Liver disease, trauma, inflammation
4. best indicator for iron
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6
Q

Calcium

  1. normal lab value
  2. if low
  3. if high
A
  1. Normal Lab value: 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
    9-11 mg/dL “CAll 911”
  2. If low: hypocalcemia (caused by vita D deficiency, renal failure, loop diacritics
  3. If high: Hypercalcemia (caused by hyperparathyroidism, calcium supp, excessive vita D
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7
Q

Serum Transferrin

  1. About
  2. Normal Lab value
  3. If low
  4. If high
  5. Best used for
A
  1. About: transport Fe to bone marrow
  2. Normal Lab value: >200 mg/dL
  3. If low: w/ liver disease, loss of protein
  4. If high: iron deficiency
  5. Best used for: reflects iron & current protein status (bc short half life)
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8
Q

Serum Creatinine

  1. About
  2. Normal Lab value
  3. If low
  4. If high
  5. Best used for
A
  1. About: measures somatic protein. b/c Cr is the waste product of muscle metabolism. Shows how well kidneys are working
  2. Normal Lab value: .6-1.4mg/dL if Cr is high, BUN will be 3x
  3. If low: Decreased muscle mass, muscle atrophy, spinal cord, injuries, liver disease, fluid overload, low diet in protein
  4. If high: renal dysfunction
  5. Best used for: Measuring the serum Cr is a very reliable and accurate indicator of renal function. better than BUN b/c Cr doesn’t get reabsorbed
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9
Q

Potassium

  1. Normal Lab value
  2. If low
  3. If high
  4. Best used for
A
  1. Normal Lab value: 3.5-5 (3-5 bananas in a bunch) (same level as albumin)
  2. If low: hypokalemia, caused by meds, insulin, refeeding syn.
  3. If high: hyperkalemia, caused by uncontrolled renal disease, metabolic acidosis
  4. Best used for: Dialysis, short term goal is to have this normal
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10
Q

Phosphorus

  1. Normal Lab value
  2. If low
  3. If high
A
  1. Normal Lab value: 3-4.5 (found in dairy, beans and junk food)
  2. If low: hypophosphatemia (caused by tums)
  3. If high: hyperphosphatemia (caused by not enough phos foods)
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11
Q

Bun: Cr Ratio

  1. about
  2. lab value
  3. If high
A
  1. Tells us about kidney functions
  2. Needs to fall between 10:1 - 15:1
  3. If high, seen in pts w/ a decrease blood flow to the kidneys; dehydrated pts; pts w/ acute renal failure or CHF
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12
Q

HGB

  1. Lab values
    - F
    - M
    - Pregnant
  2. If low
  3. if high
A
  1. Lab values
    - F: 12-15 mg/dL
    - M: 14-17 mg/dL
    - Pregnant >11
  2. If low: anemia, heavy cycles and kidney disease
  3. if high: seen in smokers and living in high altitudes (the body requires more oxygen)
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13
Q

HCT

  1. Lab values
    - F
    - M
    - Pregnant
    - Newborn
  2. Best used for
A
  1. Lab values
    - F: 42-52%
    - M: 37-47 %
    - Pregnant: 33%
    - Newborn: 44-64%
  2. Best used for: checks for anemia along w/ hgb
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14
Q

Pre-albumin

  1. Normal Lab value
  2. If low
  3. If high
  4. Best used for
A
  1. Normal Lab value: 16-40 MG
  2. If low: may indicate trauma, injury, chronic illness
  3. If high: may indicate pregnancy, alcoholism, kidney disease
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15
Q

Serum albumin

  1. Normal Lab value
  2. If low
  3. If high
  4. Best used for
  5. About
A
  1. Normal Lab value: 3.5-5.0 g/dL; same as K
  2. If low: hypoalbumenia; associated w/ edema, surgery, fluid overload, infection and inflammation
  3. If high: hyperalbumnemia, may indicate severe dehydration
  4. Best used for: does not reflect protein intake d/t 3 week half life
  5. About: measures visceral protein
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