Language

Question 1

Define language

Answer 1

Communication of thoughts via different methods (speech, writing, body language etc)

Question 2

Outline the different cortical areas, their locations & their functions in regard to language

Answer 2

1. Auditory centre [temporal]
   
   • 1, 2 & 3 relay to Wernickes
2. Optic areas
   
   1. 1 (retrieve), 2 (analyse) & 3 (recognise) relay to Wernickes
3. Wernickes area [posterior section of superior temporal gyrus, broadmann 22, temporal & parietal]
   
   • ‘Listen/ recieve’ & understanding language
   • Damage = Sensory/ Wernickes aphasia
     
     • Cant comprehend, read or repeat
     • Speak & write fluently with no sense
4. Transcortical sensory area [around Wernickes]
   
   • Helps wernickes in understanding
   • Damage = Transcortical sensory aphasia
     
     • Cant understand speech or writing
     • Can repeat them fluenty
5. Arcuate Fasiculus [connects Wernickes & Brocas]
   
   • Allows the recieved item (Wernickes) to be produced (Brocas)
   • Damage = Transduction aphasia
     
     • Cant repeat
     • Can read & comprehend, and write & speak, but cant repeat!
6. Brocas area [frontal love, brodmanns 44/45]
   
   • Allows output (speech)
   • Damage = Motor/ Brocas aphasia
     
     • Cant speak or write fluenty (brocas broken speech)
     • Cant repeat
     • CAN read & comprehend
7. Transcortical motor aphasia [around Brocas]
   
   • Creates senseful output
   • Damage = Transcortical motor aphasia
     
     • Created speech is broken/ delayed
     • CAN repeat fluenty, comprehend & read
8. Damage to Wernickes & Brocas = Global aphasia
   
   • Cant do anything.. Can’t listen’ to input or produce ‘output’
9. Damage to sensory & motor transcortical areas = Mixed transcortical aphasia
   
   • CAN repeat
   • Everything else impaired
10. Naming area
    
    • Recalls names only
    • Damage = nominal aphasia
      
      • Cant name things!
      • Can recognise, read, comprehend, repeat, speak fluenty & write

Question 3

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Wernickes area

Answer 3

Sensory/ Wernickes aphasia

• Cant comprehend, read or repeat
• Speak & write fluently with no sense

Question 4

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Arcuate fasiculus

Answer 4

Damage = Transduction aphasia

• Cant repeat
• Can read & comprehend, and write & speak, but cant repeat!

Question 5

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Naming area

Answer 5

Damage = nominal aphasia

• Cant name things!
• Can recognise, read, comprehend, repeat, speak fluenty & write

Question 6

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Transcortical motor area

Answer 6

Damage = Transcortical motor aphasia

• Created speech is broken/ delayed
• CAN repeat fluenty, comprehend & read

Question 7

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Brocas area

Answer 7

Damage = Motor/ Brocas aphasia

• Cant speak or write fluenty (brocas broken speech)
• Cant repeat
• CAN read & comprehend

Question 8

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Transcortical sensory area

Answer 8

Damage = Transcortical sensory aphasia

• Cant understand speech or writing
• Can repeat them fluenty

Question 9

Outline the presentation if there is damage to the Wernickes & Brocas area

Answer 9

Global aphasia

• Cant do anything.. Can’t listen’ to input or produce ‘output’

Question 10

Outline the presentation if there damage to the transcortical motor & sensory area

Answer 10

Mixed transcortical aphasia

• CAN repeat
• Everything else impaired

Question 11

A patient can’t name things only, wheres the damage?

Answer 11

Damage to naming area = nominal aphasia

Question 12

A patient can repeat, but cannot comprehend, read or speak or write fluently, wheres the damage?

Answer 12

Damage to arcuate fasiculus = Mixed transcortical aphasia

Question 13

A patient cant comprehend or read, repeat, or speak or write fluently, wheres the damage?

Answer 13

Damage to Wernickes & Brocas +/- arcuate fibres = Global aphasia

Question 14

A patient is speaking in broken language, but can read and comprehend, but cant repeat, wheres the damage?

Answer 14

Brocas area = motor/ brocas aphasia

Question 15

A patient has broken & delayed speech, but can repeat fluently, comprehend and read, wheres the damage?

Answer 15

Transcortical motor aphasia

Question 16

A patient can repeat but cant understand speech or writing, wheres the damage?

Answer 16

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Question 17

A patient can read & comprehend, and write & speak, but cant repeat, wheres the damage?

Answer 17

Arcuate fasiculus - transduction aphasia

Question 18

A patient cant comprehend, read or repeat, but can speak & write nonsensicly, wheres the damage?

Answer 18

Sensory/ Wernickes aphasia

Question 19

Define dysphonia

Answer 19

Impairment in producing voice sounds using vocal organs (phonation disorder)

Question 20

Define Dysarthria

Answer 20

Motor speech disorder causing poor articulation of phonemes

Damage anywhere from brocas to mouth to cerebellum to cranial nerves that control muscles