Language processing networks in typical and atypical populations - BL4

Question 1

Why do the dorsal and ventral streams need to form a loop? (2)

Answer 1

• you constantly get new auditory information that needs to be processed
• build up more information that needs processing as you hear more words so you can use it all to work out the meaning

Question 2

Why does production involve more areas of the dorsal pathways?

Answer 2

you need to find words, put them together in a motor plan and pronounce them

Question 3

Which regions are more activated in the comprehension tasks?

Answer 3

visual areas

Question 4

Which regions are more activated in the production tasks?

Answer 4

motor areas

Question 5

Which areas have more of a response to harder comprehension/production tasks than easy ones? (2)

Answer 5

LIFG and posterior middle temporal lobe (PMTG)

Question 6

What is telegraphic speech?

Answer 6

simplified formation of sentences, function words are omitted

Question 7

What 3 errors are common in disorders of sentence processing?

Answer 7

tense, number, gender

Question 8

What is agrammatism? (4)

Answer 8

• LIFG damage
• affects the ability to convert thoughts into sentences
• particularly affects construction of a sentence around the action/verb
• who is doing what to whom is affected

Question 9

What happens in the test for the reception of grammar (TROG)?

Answer 9

participants hear a sentence and they have to point at the image that it represents

Question 10

Which kind of sentences do Broca’s aphasics have impairments in comprehension of and which are they fine with?

Answer 10

bad at passive sentence (small function words) but good at active sentence (basic sentence order)

Question 11

What can help Broca’s aphasics in the interpretation of passive sentences?

Answer 11

semantic knowledge (like how a football can’t kick)

Question 12

What 4 things do patients with agrammatism have a problem with?

Answer 12

• relationships between words
• verb retrieval
• function words (is, by, the, of)
• inflectional endings (ing, ed, s)

Question 13

What do agrammatic patients base their knowledge on? (3)

Answer 13

• meanings of individual words
• general knowledge
• wimple word order assumptions

Question 14

What does the auditory cortex do in deaf individuals?

Answer 14

sign comprehension and production

Question 15

What regions does comprehension of sign language activate more in deaf than hearing people doing sentence comprehension? (2)

Answer 15

visual areas, superior temporal gyrus

Question 16

What regions are activated more in deaf people when producing sentences? (2)

Answer 16

posterior temporal and parietal

Question 17

Which areas are active in blind people when reading braille? (3)

Answer 17

visual cortex, fusiform gyrus, parietal cortex

Question 18

Which areas are active in blind people when listening to words?

Answer 18

posterior visual areas

Question 19

What do blind and deaf individuals suggest about the genetic influence on brain structure/function?

Answer 19

they give the general functions but the sensory functions can be changed by the environment (e.g. using areas for hearing not seeing)