LCCG: Section 4

Question 1

Building plays an important role in reducing ___ .

Answer 1

Greenhouse gas emissions

Question 2

What are two of the best kinds of sites to locate a site for a project?

Answer 2

• Infill development between existing structures that promote smart growth
• brownfield sites that include remediation of the land

Question 3

What is kind of land is inappropriate to develop on?

Answer 3

Green fields. (Land that has been used for agricultural purposes) Also wetlands, flood plains, steep slopes, and habitats with endangered species.

Question 4

According to the US Energy Information Administration, transportation accounted for ___% of total US Greenhouse gas emissions in 2008. Globally, transportation is responsible for ___ % of total carbon dioxide emissions.

Answer 4

33% / 13.5%

Question 5

Which is better when addressing the Location and Transportation category - increasing or decreasing density?

Answer 5

Increasing density.
Having a smaller footprint and maximizing FAR has a smaller impact on the environment and therefore better when addressing this category.

Question 6

What are 3 strategies to address Transportation in design and planning?

Answer 6

1. Locate project near public transit
2. Limit parking
3. Encourage biking

Question 7

What are 4 strategies when addressing Transportation in Operations and Maintenance?

Answer 7

1. Encourage carpooling
2. Promote alternative-fuel vehicles
3. Officer Incentives
4. Support alternative transportation

Question 8

Below are strategies for sustainable neighborhood pattern design. Fill in the blanks.

• Design _____ streets
• Include street _____
• Use ____ development strategies
• promote _____
• Provide _____ land uses
• Create _____ community
• Support access to ____ food
• Ensure that all residents have easy access to ____

Answer 8

• walkable
• trees
• compact
• connectivity
• diverse
• diverse
• sustainable (community gardens, farmers markets, etc)
• grocery stores

Question 9

Below are strategies for developing a sustainable site design. Fill in the blanks.

• Minimize hard____
• Use ___ landscaping
• prevent ___ pollution
• preserve ___ space and ___ areas
• protect and restore ____

Answer 9

• scape
• native
• light
• open / sensitive
• habitat

Question 10

Below are strategies for site operations and maintenance. Fill in the blanks.

• Develop a sustainable ____ management plan
• Implement ___ programs
• Maintain site ___ to prevent light pollution

Answer 10

• site
• conservation
• lighting

Question 11

Strategies for Rainwater Management Through Design:

• Minimize ____ areas
• Control ____
• Incorporate Rainwater management into ___ design

Answer 11

• impervious areas
• rainwater
• site

Question 12

Strategies of rainwater management through operations and maintenance require what 2 actions that involve rainwater?

Answer 12

1 Redirect Rainwater (into “natural” features like bioswales)
2 Harvest Rainwater (for re-use)

Question 13

solar reflectance (SR)

Answer 13

the ability of a material to reflect solar energy from its surface back into the atmosphere. A value of 0 indicates that the material absorbs all solar energy and a value of 1.0 indicates total reflectance.

Question 14

solar reflectivity index (SRI)

Answer 14

combines reflectivity with emissivity (ability of a material to emit energy through radiation) in a single value. standard black (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white (reflectance 0.80, emittance 0.90) is 100.

Question 15

What materials help reduce the heat island effect?

Answer 15

open grid paving, white roofs, vegetated “green” roofs

Question 16

Strategies for reducing the heat island effect:

• Install ___ roof surfaces
• Reduce the area of _____ surfaces exposed to sunlight
• Plant an ___ forest or a ____ roof

Answer 16

• reflective
• paved
• urban / green

Question 17

The US Geological Survey estimates that the US uses more than ___ billion gallons of water per day.

Answer 17

400

Question 18

What is an “efficiency first” approach to water conservation?

Answer 18

1. look at ways to use water efficiently and reduce potable water use
2. consider alternative sources of water (ie using nonpotable water)

Question 19

LEED rewards projects that both reduce demand and reuse water for ____ and ____ projects.

Answer 19

indoor / outdoor

Question 20

What are examples of water use for industrial processes and systems in buildings?

Answer 20

• cooling towers
• boilers
• chillers
• washing machines
• dishwashers

Question 21

submeters

Answer 21

report how much water is being used by systems and fixtures and alerts managers to leaks and other inefficiencies. (ie it can show water lost to evaporation during cooling tower operation)

Question 22

Strategies for reducing indoor water use:

• Install ____ plubming fixtures
• Use ____ water
• Install _____

Answer 22

• efficient
• nonpotable
• submeters

Question 23

Strategies for reducing outdoor water use:

• choose ____ adapted plants
• Use ____scaping
• Select ____ irrigation technologies
• Use ____ water
• Install _____

Answer 23

• locally
• xeri(scaping)
• efficient
• nonpotable
• submeters

Question 24

What are examples of high-performance irrigation systems?

Answer 24

• drip systems
• bubbler distribution systems
• weather-based irrigation controllers

Question 25

Energy Star Portfolio manager

Answer 25

interactive, online management tool that supports tracking and assessment of energy and water consumption. It is also of the most widely used benchmarking systems to compare building energy use with others with similar characteristics. (free tool!)

Question 26

What score from the Energy Star Portfolio represents average building performance?

Answer 26

score of 50

Question 27

Saving energy begins with ____.

Answer 27

conservation (of energy) | ie capturing sunlight, wind, and geothermal energy

Question 28

Strategies for reducing energy demand in design and planning: - Establish design and ____ goals - Size the building _____ - Use ____ energy - Design building envelope to _____ efficiently

Answer 28

- energy - appropriately - free (take advantage of natural energy sources) - insulate

Question 29

Strategies for reducing energy demand in Operations and Maintenance: - Use ____ energy - Monitor ____

Answer 29

- free | - consumption

Question 30

What are some Demand Response (DR) strategies?

Answer 30

they are strategies that encourage customers to reduce their energy usage during peak demand times. strategies include: - tiered electricity pricing - reward customers with DR programs if they lower their energy usage

Question 31

Energy demand typically ____ in direct relation to the building size.

Answer 31

increases.

Question 32

What is the only LEED rating system hat allows a point adjustment depending on the square footage of the project?

Answer 32

LEED for Homes rating system. This only applies to projects using the EA prescriptive path prerequisite.

Question 33

Getting the most work per unit of energy is often described as a measure of ____ .

Answer 33

energy intensity. | ie energy use per square foot and/or use per capita

Question 34

What are some typical energy uses in office buildings that also represent opportunities to increase efficiency and savings?

Answer 34

``` space heating lighting cooling water heating ventilation office equipment (ie computers, printers, etc) ```

Question 35

What are some strategies for achieving energy efficiency (6 total)?

Answer 35

- Address the envelope - Install high-performance mech systems & appliances - Use high-efficiency infrastructure (ie traffic lighting) - Capture efficiencies of scale (ie multiple buildings on the same heating/cooling systems) - Use energy simulation - Monitor and verify performance

Question 36

Renewable energy production

Answer 36

involves system that generates clean electricity (ie solar photovoltaic panels)

Question 37

off-site renewable energy

Answer 37

purchased at a premium price per kilowatt-hour from a utility or provider of renewable energy certificates (RECs).

Question 38

If a project team cannot buy green power through a local utility, what can they offset the building's energy use?

Answer 38

They can purchase green power from renewable energy projects around the country. They can enter into a REC agreement that provides for specific energy sources (ie wind, biomass) from a particular generation facility.

Question 39

carbon offset

Answer 39

unit of carbon dioxide equivalent that is reduced, avoided, or sequestered to compensate for emissions occurring elsewhere.

Question 40

When does commissioning start in the project's timeline?

Answer 40

It begins early in the design, with specification requirements. The specs become the baseline for evaluation after the project is built.

Question 41

Commissioning is one of the most ___ means of improving energy efficiency in commercial buildings.

Answer 41

cost-effective

Question 42

Strategies for incorporating ongoing performance measurement into a project: - Adhere to the ____'s project requirements - Provide _____ training - Conduct ____ maintenance - Create ____ for occupants and tenants

Answer 42

- Owner's - Staff - Preventative - incentives

Question 43

Each requirement in the Material Resources credit category fits into the larger context of a _____ approach to embodied impact reduction.

Answer 43

life-cycle

Question 44

What is the highest form of material conservation?

Answer 44

reuse

Question 45

Strategies for conserving materials throughout a project's life cycle: - _____ existing buildings and salvaged materials - Plan for smaller, more ___ communities - Design smaller, more ___ homes and buildings - Use _____ framing techniques - Promote source ____ in operations

Answer 45

- Reuse - compact - flexible - efficient - reduction

Question 46

What are the two product transparency tools?

Answer 46

1. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) | 2. Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)

Question 47

Strategies to promote sustainable purchasing during design and operations: - Identify _____ sources of environmentally preferable products - Develop a _____ materials policy - Specify _____ materials and equipment - Specify ____ custodial products

Answer 47

- local - sustainable - green - green

Question 48

According to the US EPA, improving recycling rates of building waste to just ____% could result in savings equivalent to more than ___ million metric tons of carbon dioxide.

Answer 48

35% / 5 million

Question 49

What is the hierarchy that EPA uses to rank the four preferred strategies for reducing waste in landfills?

Answer 49

1. Source reduction 2. Reuse 3. Recycling 4. Waste-to-energy

Question 50

Source reduction

Answer 50

encourages innovative construction strategies to minimize material cutoffs and inefficiencies.

Question 51

Waste-to-energy

Answer 51

Waste-to-energy plants burn municipal solid waste (MSW), often called garbage or trash, to produce steam in a boiler that is used to generate electricity.

Question 52

Strategies to reduce waste during operations and maintenance: - develop a solid waste management ____ - conduct a ____ stream audit - Maintain a ____ program - Monitor, track and ____ - Compost - Provide ____ for durable goods

Answer 52

- policy - waste - recycling - report - recycling

Question 53

For LEED Operations and Maintenance, what kind of audit is required?

Answer 53

It is required to conduct a waste stream audit for the entire consumables waste stream. The results establish a baseline that identifies the amount and percentage of each material in the waste stream and reveal opportunities to increase recycling and waste diversion.

Question 54

The best way to prevent indoor pollutants is to eliminate or control them at the ____. The next line of defense is proper _____ to remove any pollutants that do enter.

Answer 54

source / ventillation

Question 55

Strategies for designing for good indoor air quality: - Prohibit _____ - Design for proper _____ - Protect _____ that comes into the building - Test for ____ or other on-site contaminants - Design for _____ systems - Specify ____ materials

Answer 55

- smoking - ventilation - air - radon - entryway - low-emitting

Question 56

Strategies for improving indoor air quality during construction: - Keep building _____ during construction - Protect materials and _____ - Conduct a ____-out

Answer 56

- clean - equipment - flush-(out) (before occupancy)

Question 57

Strategies for improving indoor air quality during operations and maintenance: - Ensure adequate ______ - Monitor outdoor _____ - Monitor carbon _____ - _____ sensors - _____ smoking - Develop and implement a _____ cleaning policy - Conduct custodial effectiveness _____ - Use ____way systems - Use integrated pest _____

Answer 57

- ventillation - airflow - dioxide - calibrate - prohibit - green - assessment - entry(way) - management

Question 58

Thermal comfort is more than just temperature; it also includes ____ and ____ movement.

Answer 58

humidity / air

Question 59

When designing buildings, consider _____ conservation and indoor environmental _____ together.

Answer 59

energy / quality | ie daylighting and natural ventilation

Question 60

Strategies for improving occupants' comfort and control: - Use day_____ - Install _____ windows - Give occupants temperature and ventilation _____ - Give occupants lighting _____ - Conduct occupant _____ - Provide ergonomic _____ - Include appropriate _____ design

Answer 60

- (day)lighting - operable - control - control - surveys - furniture - acoustic