Leadership

Question 1

The leader imposes a vision or solution on the team and demands that the team follow this directive.

Answer 1

Coercive

Question 2

The leader proposes a bold vision or solution and invites the team to join this challenge.

Answer 2

Authoritative

Question 3

The leader creates strong relationships with and inside the team, encouraging feedback. The team members are motivated by loyalty.

Answer 3

Affiliative

Question 4

The leader invites followers to collaborate and commits to acting by consensus.

Answer 4

Democratic

Question 5

The leader sets a model for high performance standards and challenges followers to meet these expectations.

Answer 5

Pacesetting

Question 6

The leader focuses on developing team members’ skills, believing that success comes from aligning the organization’s goals with employees’ personal and professional goals.

Answer 6

Coaching

Question 7

• Leaders possess certain innate characteristics that followers do not possess (and probably cannot acquire), such as physical characteristics (e.g., strength, stamina) and personality traits (e.g., decisiveness, integrity). Sometimes referred to as the “Great Man” theory.
• It equates these characteristics and leadership but without evidence.
• It may discourage leader development by implying that the ability to lead cannot be acquired with study and practice.

Answer 7

Trait Theory

Question 8

Leadership involves managing:
- Tasks
- Employees
5 Types of Managers, only one of which is considered a leader.
- Country club managers (low task, high relationship) create a secure atmosphere and trust individuals to accomplish goals, avoiding punitive actions so as not to jeopardize relationships.
- Impoverished managers (low task, low relationship) use a “delegate-and-disappear” management style. They detach themselves, often creating power struggles.
- Authoritarian managers (high task, low relationship) expect people to do what they are told without question and tend not to foster collaboration.
- Middle-of-the-road managers (midpoint on both task and relationship) get the work done but are not considered leaders.
Team leaders (high task, high relationship) lead by positive example, foster a team environment, and encourage individual and team development.

Answer 8

Blake-Mouton Theory

Question 9

• Leaders adapt their behaviors to meet the evolving needs of team members. Like Blake-Mouton, the behaviors involve tasks and relationships.
  1. Telling when the employee is not yet motivated or competent.
  2. Selling when the increasingly competent employee still needs focus and motivation.
  3. Participating when competent workers can be included in problem solving and coached on higher skills.
  4. Delegating when very competent team members can benefit from greater levels of autonomy and self-direction.

Answer 9

Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership

Question 10

Leaders change the situation to make it more “favorable,” more likely to produce good outcomes.

• “Situation favorableness” occurs when:
  
  • Leader-member relationships are strong.
  • Task structure and requirements are clear.
  • The leader can exert the necessary power to reach the group’s goal.
• Unfavorable situations must be changed to improve group (and leader) effectiveness. This can include:
  
  • Improving relations between the leader and the team.
  • Changing aspects of the task.
  • Increasing or decreasing the leader’s exercise of power.

Answer 10

Fiedler’s Contingency Theory

Question 11

This theory emphasizes the leader’s role in coaching and developing followers’ competencies. The leader performs the behavior needed to help employees stay on track toward their goals. This involves different types of employee needs:

• Directive - help the employee understand the task and its goal.
• Supportive - try to fulfill the employee’s relationship needs.
• Achievement - Motivate by setting challenging goals.
• Participative - Provide more control over work and leverage group expertise through participative decision making.

Answer 11

Path-Goal Theory

Question 12

Leaders influence group members through certain behaviors.

Answer 12

Behavioral Theories

Question 13

Building on behavioral theories - they propose that leaders can flex their behaviors to meet the needs of unique situations, employing both task and directive behaviors and relationship or supportive behaviors with employees.

Answer 13

Situational Theories

Question 14

Leaders are not appointed but emerge from the group, which chooses the leader based on interactions.

Answer 14

Emergent Theory