what is learning
process of acquiring, though experience, new information or behaviours
learn through…
- associative learning
- consequences
- acquisition of mental information
unconditioned stimulus
- natural stimulus
- ex. food
unconditioned response
- natural response to stimulus
- ex. salivation
neutral stimulus
stimulus that does not naturally elicit a reponse
conditioned stimulus
stimulus that elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with unconditioned stimulus
conditioned response
behaviour caused by conditioned stimulus
aquisition
- initial period of learning
- organism learns to connect neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus
generalisation
learning applies to different situations
discrimination
distinguish between different stimulus
reinforcement
more of that action
punishment
less of that action
shaping
gradual, subsequent learning
positive reinforcement
reward
negative reinforcement
- take away a bad thing
- taking ibuprofen -> removes headache -> reinforces taking ibuprofen
primary reinforcer
- have innate reinforcing qualities
- not learned
- ex. food, water, sleep, etc
conditioned (secondary) reinforcer
- only has reinforcing qualities when linked with a primary reinforcer
- ex. money only worth something because you can buy things
fixed-ratio schedule
get reward after certain times of doing behaviour
variable-ratio schedule
- on average, get rewarded after certain times of doing behaviour (varies)
fixed-interval schedule
certain time in between rewards
variable-interval schedule
average amount of time between rewards
positive punishment
bad thing happening to you
negative punishment
good thing taken away
latent learning
leaning in absence of reward
