Learning 3 - Observational Learning

Question 1

How does operant conditioning explain superstitious behaviours?

Answer 1

• when action is closely associated with a consequence, we think there is a correlation
• doing the superstitious action often has no negative outcome

Question 2

What are the four types of reinforcement schedules?

Answer 2

fixed-ratio reinforcement: set number of behaviours completed
fixed-interval reinforcement: set amount of time passed

variable-ratio reinforcement: random number of behaviours completed
variable-interval reinforcement: random amount of time passed

Question 3

What is the intermittent reinforcement effect?

Answer 3

behaviour is more resistant to extinction when reinforcement is discontinuous (unpredictable)

Question 4

What is a type of learning that occurs without rewards?

Answer 4

latent learning: learning that takes place but is not observable until called upon to demonstrate it

Question 5

What is the social learning theory and who was it discovered by?

Answer 5

• Bandura
• behaviours that are seen to be rewarded = repeated
• behaviours that are seen to be punished = not repeated

Question 6

What types of models are there in observational learning?

Answer 6

live model: live demonstration
verbal model: behaviour is explained
symbolic model: models that demo behaviour in books/movies/Youtube

Question 7

What are the steps towards repeating an observed behaviour

Answer 7

• attention –> retention –> reproduction –> motivation