Memory 1 - Encoding/Atkinson's Model

Question 1

What is semantic encoding?

Answer 1

• relating info to knowledge that is already in the brain
• more meaningful = easier to remember
• ex. organizing words by category

Question 2

What is visual encoding?

Answer 2

• encoding info as images
• relates to visual incorporated with words
• high imagery words encoded visually and semantically

Question 3

What is acoustic encoding?

Answer 3

• encoding the sound words make
• enhanced through semantic and visual encoding

Question 4

What are examples of automatic vs. effortful processing?

Answer 4

automatic: time, place, frequency
effortful: studying for an exam

Question 5

What is sensory memory?

Answer 5

• short term memory of senses (0.5 - 5 seconds)
• moved to semantic if important

Question 6

How much and how long is info held in short-term memory?

Answer 6

• about 20 seconds
• if rehearsed, 20 seconds repeats
• about 5-9 pieces of information
• better for numbers than letters, and acoustic than visual

Question 7

What are the main types of long term memory?

Answer 7

Explicit (declarative): conscious remembering
- episodic vs. semantic
Implicit (non-declaritive): automatic process
- procedural vs. emotional conditioning

Question 8

What are the main types of retrieval?

Answer 8

recall: retrieval without help of retrieval cues
recognition: identifying info previously learnt
relearning: reviewing info already learnt