Main Characteristics of Learning disabilities
- Central Nervous system dysfunction
- It is pattern, not temporary
- Academic difficulties: 7 areas of learning → main issue
Special Educational needs
- Intelectual
- Sensoriomotor
- Learning disability
- Emotional behavior disorders
- Autism
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
- Internal or external (observable)
- NOT temporary reactions or inapropriate environments
- 7% of disability
Dyslexia is associated with differences in brain structure and function studies:
- Reduced activity of the automatic detector in the occipital lobe
- Concentrated activity in Broca’s and Wernicke’s area
- Changes with intervention
-A framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into humans learn.
UDL
UDL
-Many ways to learn and demonstrate the same knowledge or ability
Engagement
Recruiting interest, sustaining effort and persistence, self regulation: motivated
Representation
Perception, language and symbols , comprehension
Action and expression
Physical action, expression and communication, executive functions.
( Outside to inside)
Stigma Theory (Gottman, 1963)
- Social judgment
- Discrimination
- Shame and humiliation (power imbalance)
- Overt and covert conditions
Reducing Stigma
- Challenges negative attitudes
- Raise awareness
- Praise positive attitude
- Example
- Support social and work inclusion
Special education
Specialized in working on a disablity (school for blind)
Integration
- Same physical location: buildings and classrooms
- Some of the same activities
- Can have additional resources: staff, material
- Prejudice/ discrimination
Inclussion
- Structural change
- same classrooms: activities accessible to all
- No discrimination
- Training/ staff train
- No admission criteria
