what are the four common pathogens? examples?
viruses - influenza
bacteria - strep throat
fungi - Tinea
parasites - Malaria
VIRUS infections
where does it affect in/on the body?
what is given?
what is the treatment?
can affect - skin, reproductive, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and NS
vaccinations are given
treatment:
- usually goes away on its own
- antivirals - oral, topical, injections
- antiretrovirals
BACTERIA infection
where does it affect in/on the body?
what is given?
what is the treatment?
what is important to note?
can infect any area of the body
vaccinations are given
treatment:
- usually goes away on its own
- antibiotics - target to specific bacteria and location of infection
- FINISH ENTIRE COURSE OF TREATMENT EVEN IF FEELING WELL/BETTER!
FUNGI infections
what is the cause?
where does it affect in/on the body?
what is the treatment?
yeast, mold, mushrooms
skin, nails, lungs, organs
NO licensed vaccines, however antifungals - topical, oral, injections
PARASITES infection
what are the core 3 that cause disease in humans?
vaccines?
treatment?
1) protozoa
2) helminths
3) ecotoparasites
vaccines for domestic animals
WHO - first malaria vaccine in 2021
treatment
- antiparascitics
what are some routes of transmission?
direct contact
indirect contact
airborne
droplets
vechile
vector-borne
bloodborne
mother to child
what are some general sign and symptoms?
fever, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle ache, coughing
Diagnosis and treatment of infections ?
lab test
- blood, urine, throat swabs, stool, lumbar puncture
imaging
biobsy
main infections will resolve on their own
- rest, fluids, pain control
antivirals, antibiotics, antifungals, antiparasitics
when should you see a doctor?
animal bite
cough for more than a week
breathing problems
severe headache with/and fever
rash or swelling
prolonged or unexplained fever
sudden vision problems
what is the relationship between immune function and exercise?
has a “J” shaped distribution curve
both sedentary and too high exercise will decrease immune function - there is a sweet spot for regular moderate exercise
excessive exercise may impair the immune function
- this can last up to 24hrs after exercise
what are the risk factors of too much exercise?
- strenuous activity - leukocyte depression
- higher rate of breathing - exposed to more bacteria and viruses
- lack of sleep
- mental stress
- poor nutrition
what is the most common infection in athletes?
what is the cause?
majority are _______
UPPER respiratory tract infection
direct and indirect contact - droplets
majority are viral
what are the signs and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection?
how long does it last?
how do we treat it?
runny nose, sore throat, fatigue, low grade fever, cough
4-10 days
fluids, rest, pain control
what is the neck check? explain it.
symptoms above the neck
- nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat
- can play but proceed with caution
symptoms below the neck
- vomiting, diarrhea, fever, myalgia
- STOP activity and rest
more severe bacterial infections (sinusitis, pharyngitis)
- athlete should be afebrile and on antibiotics for at least 24 hrs prior to RTS
what is influenza? when is it most common?
influenza A or B
NOT a common cold
highly contagious
winter seasons (oct-march)
