Matter exists in _____ states
3 states
On what does the state of matter depends?
On how closely packed together are the molecules of the substance, on how dense, in other words, how much mass is found per unit area
What are the three states of matter called?
1- Gas 2- Liquid 3- Solid
What differs the state of gas from the solid state ?
Gas has low density, liquid is in between and solid has high density
What happens when two substances of different densities come into contact?
One of them is acting like a fluid or a gas, the substance having the lower density will float above the one with greater density
What are Celsius
How we measure temperature, designed around the 3 major states changes phase of water
What are Kelvins
It is how we measure temperature designed the concept of the absolute zero
When molecules stop moving entirely, there is no thermal motion on the Kelvin scale we call this concept the ______________
Absolute zero
Capacity to do work, everything is driven by this concept, the basis of life coming in various forms, we can measure it in different units
Energy
Related to the mass, the gravity and the height of a substance, an object has more of this concept when it is placed higher than another
(Gravitational) Potential Energy
Related to the mass and the velocity (speed) in other words, how fast an object is moving, everything moving has this concept, what is it?
Kinetic energy (heat)
The more something has kinetic energy, the higher the __________
Temperature
The capacity of the atmosphere to support the upward air movement involved in the formation of severe thunderstorms (or tornadoes)
CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy)
True or false: The atoms of molecules aren’t moving in the 3 states, how can they be moving in a solid state?
False, even in the solid state, the particles are moving, they are vibrating since they are very close together, but still moving!
With what metric do we measure kinetic energy? Hint: it is the average speed of atoms or molecules in a substance
With temperature
What happens to two substances which have a difference in temperature, so in kinetic energy, when they are brought together?
There is going to be a heat transfer going from the warmer object to the colder one
Name the three different possible heat transfer
Conduction, convection and radiation
What is heat going from hot to cold when it is moving between substances?
Because the particles are moving with the goal to be less compacted between each other, they seek for less density
When energy is transferred through direct contact (this concept depends on the material we are using) the greater the heat difference; the faster the transfer, Energy from a warmer substance that causes molecules in the colder substance to vibrate faster; when a molecule vibrates faster, it causes further adjacent molecules to vibrate faster until the entire molecules vibrates faster
Conduction
A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase, it is related to density, it is a transfer of heat that occurs through the mass movement of a liquid or a gas, what is this called?
Convection
When energy is transmitted from one substance to another in the form of waves, this energy is only acquired by an object when it absorbs the waves (the one emitting radiation looses energy and the one absorbing the waves gain it) what is this heat transfer?
Radiation
When the waves contain electric and magnetic properties it is call _____________, they do not need molecules to propagate (travel through a vacuum) they also come in different wavelengths
Electromagnetic waves
True or false: all substance with a temperature above absolute 0 emit electromagnetic radiation
True, even us as human
What is this law called: As the temperature of an object increases, more total radiation is emitted each second
Stefan-Boltzmann law
