What are global energy deficit and surpluses
The difference in energy being absorbed at the pole versus the equator, deficit of 35 degree
Name the two global system permitting to transfer surplus heat from the equator to the colder regions at the higher latitudes, it transfers it where it is needed
- Atmospheric circulation 2. Oceanic currents
Air parcel
A discrete area of air (any size or shape or any temperature)
Air pressure
The weight of the molecules in the atmosphere pressing down on each other (higher, fewer molecules = less pressure) major driver of air movement
Air is made of ___________ which can exert weight as a force on other atoms and molecules in the air
Atoms and molecules
True or false: Air always moves the same way (from high to low pressure) when there’s a difference in air pressure
True
The parcels of air in the atmosphere are driven by these 3 aspects:
- Air pressure 2. Landform 3. Air temperature
Pressure-driven air movement
Driver of the majority of the movement of air molecules and energy throughout the atmosphere (System initiated by uneven solar heating on the planet surface)
A change of mass in air pressure is a
Change of pressure (high pressure in the cold column and low in the warmer one) It is a cycle that exist as long as there are areas of uneven heating (wind)
Physical features in the landscape impacting air movement, the high relief of landforms can force air parcels higher in the atmosphere, the air becomes colder (that’s why there is snow, air is forced upwards)
Landscape-driven air movement
Movements which would normally be straight curve with the rotation of the planet
It is the Coriolis effect
When water moves across the states, it needs energy from __________ to take it in and ___________ to release it
Evaporation and condensation
What releases and condensates energy?
Water vapor transport
Where warm and humid air rises expanding and cooling, there, air is deficient in water vapor, rain has already fell
Circulation cells
Circulation cell of air movement beginning at the equator and descending at 30 degree north and south
Hadley cell
Circulation air movement which begins at 60 degree descends at the poles
Polar cell
Moves at the opposite direction of the other cells, it is driven by the other cell’s movement, it is weaker rising at 60 and falling at 30
Ferrel cell
Global pattern of movement of air in the atmosphere, it is driven by circulation cells and the rotation of the planet (Coriolis)
Surface winds
Water: - absorbs energy -moves -transports heat energy as it circulates in the globe
Ocean currents
Driven by surface winds, landforms in the way tapping and deflecting currents, can form ares of isolated water circulation
Surface currents
Independent of surface current circulation, driven by differences in water density, as impacted by - temperature -salinity, where ice is formed
Deep circulation
Water is denser when it is colder and more saline, occurring in deep circulation because…
Denser water sinks
Water is denser in
Higher latitudes (because it is colder at the pole)
It is driven by density differences in seawater, which are caused by variations in temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). Cold, salty, and therefore dense water sinks, and this process creates deep currents that slowly rise to the surface elsewhere, forming a continuous, large-scale loop.
Thermohaline circulation
