What is the study of the structure of the body?
anatomy
What is the study of body function?
physiology
What is the study of body structure that can be examined by the naked eye?
gross anatomy
What is the study of body structures under the microscope?
microscope anatomy (histology)
What is the study of structural changes caused by disease?
pathological anatomy
Name the hierarchy of structural organization from smallest to largest
- chemical level (atoms form molecules)
- cellular level (cells + functional subunits)
- tissue level (group of cells performing common function)
- organ level (discrete structure made up of multiple tissues)
- organ system level (organs working together for a common purpose)
- organismal level (result of all simpler levels working together)
What is the function of the integumentary system?
- forms external body covering + protects deeper tissues from injury
(synthesizes vitamin c, houses cutaneous receptors)
What is the function of the skeletal system?
- protects and supports body organs
- provides framework for muscles to cause movement
(blood cells formed within bone)
What is the function of the muscular system?
- allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, facial expression
- maintains posture
- produces heat
What is the function of the nervous system?
- responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate glands
What is the function of the endocrine system?
- glands secrete hormones that regulate processes (growth, reproduction, nutrient use)
What is the function of the lymphatic system/immunity?
- picks up leaked fluid from blood vessels
- disposes of debris
- houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity
What is the function of the respiratory system?
- keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
(gases exchange occurs through walls of air sacs of lungs)
What is the function of the digestive system?
- breaks down food into absorbable units
- eliminates indigestible foodstuffs as feces
What is the function of the urinary system?
- eliminated nitrogenous waste from the body
(regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance)
What is the function of the urinary system?
- eliminated nitrogenous waste from the body
(regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance)
What is the function of the reproductive system?
produces offspring
What cavities are located in the dorsal body cavity?
- cranial cavity (brain)
- vertebral cavity (spinal cord)
What cavities are located in the ventral cavity?
- thoracic cavity
- abdominopelvic cavity
How many parts can the thoracic cavity be divided into? Describe it.
- can be divided into three parts
- two lateral parts, each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity and the mediastinum
What is contained in the mediastinum?
- heart surrounded by the pericardial cavity
What is contained in the mediastinum?
heart surrounded by the pericardial cavity
How many parts can the abdominopelvic cavity be divided into?
two parts
What organs are in the abdominal cavity?
- liver
- stomach
- kidneys
- other organs
