what are the subunits in DNA and RNA called and what are they made up of ?
called nucleotides and made u of a 5 carbon sugar ribose in rna; deoxyribose in DNA, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
what are DNA and RNA bases?
DNA bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine
RNA bases : Adenine Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil
what is the difference between purines and pyrimidines
purines are DOUBLE carbon nitrogen rings and pyrimidines are SINGLE carbon nitrogen ring
What are chargaff’s rules ?
A=T, G=C, G+A= T+C
what forms a nucleic acid chain ?
phosphodiester linkages between nucleotides to form DNA or RNA
what is watson-crick base pairing and non watson-crick
watson and crick is when we are maximizing the number of H bonds and conferring the antiparallel; non watson and crick is found in only RNA
what is denaturation ?
it is the breakage of hydrogen bonds and the destabilization of the helix due to increasing temperature in a DNA solution
what is hyperchromicity
where DNA absorbs more UV light than it absorbance of 260 nm due to its denaturing
what is renaturation?
occurs when DNA is under slow cooling to allow for hybridization for bonds to reform
what affect the tempurature of DNA
its G:C content
what does the rate of renaturation in DNA depend on and what is it graphically represented as?
- Length
- Concentration
- Repeated sequence
represented as a COT curve
what is A-DNA ?
right handed helix that is not typically in DNA but can form RNA. has 11 Base turns
what is watson-crick DNA?
right handed base turn is 10.5 and it a double helical form
what 4 things do non B DNA form
- G-quadruplex (Guanine)
- Triplex (H-DNA)
- Cruciform (hairpin_
- Slipped DNA
what is positive supercoiling ?
right handed turn ; decreases number of bases per turn
what is negative supercoiling ?
left handed turn ; increases number of base per turn
