Lecture 10

Question 1

What are some characteristic of Bunyaviruses

Answer 1

1. Large groups

2. Genome consists of 3 segments of (-) and ambience ssRNA

Question 2

What is Rift Valley Fever

Answer 2

Mosquito-transmitted disease that affects mainly sheep, cattle and goats.

Question 3

What does Rift Valley Fever cause

Answer 3

High abortion rates and death of young animals

Question 4

How to diagnose RVF

Answer 4

1. Clinical signs
2. Virus isolation
3. Serology, ELISA, VNT and SNT
4. RT-PCR
5. Immunohistochemistry
6. PM - Gross port-mortem lesions

Question 5

How can Rift Valley fever be transmitted to humans

Answer 5

1. Vector - Bite of mosquito infected with RVF
2. Direct contant - tissue or body fluids, handling birthing tissue, meat
3. Aerosol - breathing in the virus during slaughter of infected animal

Question 6

How do you get immune to Akabane virus

Answer 6

By sexual maturity

Question 7

How is Akabane transmitted (2)

Answer 7

1. Vector-borne

2. Ruminants are not-long term carriers

Question 8

What are the clinical signs of Akabane (3)

Answer 8

1. Adults asymptomatic
2. Pregnant ruminants - Abortion and stillbirths, premature births, dystocia
3. Congenital abnormalities

Question 9

What are some congenital abnormalities

Answer 9

1. Early pregnancy - behavioural abnormalities ‘Dummy Calves’
2. Second trimester - Arthrogryposis, severe muscles atrophy
3. Last trimester - Bight and alert but unable to stand

Question 10

What does Schmallenberg cause

Answer 10

Abortion and stillbirths associated with foetal abnormalities

Question 11

What is Schmallenberg transmitted by

Answer 11

Culicoides midges

Question 12

How is Schmallenberg virus shown

Answer 12

1. Fever
2. Reduced milk yield
3. Inappetence
4. Loss of body condition
5. Diarrhoea

Question 13

What is the problem with Schmallenberg

Answer 13

Virus crosses the placenta and affects the growing foetus

Question 14

What are the Schmallenberg symptoms similar too

Answer 14

1. BVDV

2. Congenital border disease

Question 15

What has PRRS been associated with

Answer 15

Acute outbreak reproductive failure in sows

Question 16

What are the potential economic losses attributable to equine viral arteritis (3)

Answer 16

1. Direct losses from abortion
2. Pneumonia in neonates
3. Febrile disease in performance horses

Question 17

How is EVA spread

Answer 17

Respiratory and ventral routes