LECTURE 12

Question 1

you are presented with several single-celled organisms, including one thought to belong to the kingdom fungi. What unique feature helps you identify the fungus?

Answer 1

presence of chitin

Question 2

which eukaryote group is most closely related to the land plant?

Answer 2

charophytes

whitin charophytes, some are more related to plants than other charo.

Question 3

plants are primarly? (nutrition mode)

Answer 3

photoautotrophs

Question 4

if plants have cell walls?

Answer 4

true

plants have cell walls but cellulosis?

Question 5

the ghost pipe is:

Answer 5

rare example of a heterotrophic plant

but we can say YES plants are autotrophs

Question 6

Earliest plants were :

Answer 6

terrestrial

Question 7

what is a plant?

Answer 7

eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms that develop from an embryo

Question 8

how are plants different from algae?

Answer 8

theyre aquatic
plants develop from the land, although we have aquatic plants

Question 9

the gametophyte is ___ ___

Answer 9

multicellular
haploid

Question 10

the sporophytes is ___ ___

Answer 10

multicellular
diploid

Question 11

dispersing stage of plants

Answer 11

spores

Question 12

spore produce through:

Answer 12

meiosis

Question 13

when you go from haploid to diploid:

Answer 13

fertilization

Question 14

plant spore are produced by:

Answer 14

diploid sporophytes

Question 15

only become diploid after:

Answer 15

meiosis

Question 16

3 groups of bryophytes

Answer 16

Liverworth
Mosses
Liverworths

in between water/earth, moist habitat

Question 17

3 things land plants do that animals also do

Answer 17

• Obtain energy and materials
• Withstand current and future conditions
  (dryness, heat, cold, predation, etc.)
• Reproduce

Question 18

the earliest plants were:

Answer 18

terrestrial

Question 19

almost all plants are ___ troph

Answer 19

autotrophs

Question 20

plant cell wall is made of:

Answer 20

cellulose

Question 21

characteristics of plants? (6)

Answer 21

• eukaryotic
• multicellular
• autotrophic
• have chloroplast + mitochhondria
• cell wall of cellulose
• earliest ones were terrestrial

Question 22

plants develop from ___

Answer 22

embryos

Question 23

plants have the capacity for __ reproduction

Answer 23

sexual

Question 24

Plant Life Cycle

the haploid and diploid stages in plants are ___

Answer 24

heteromorphic
multicellular forms look different from each other.

Question 25

# Plant Life Cycle meiosis produces:

Answer 25

haploid spores

Question 26

# Plant Life Cycle spores divide through__ and produce ___

Answer 26

mitosis gametophyte (n)

Question 27

# Plant Life Cycle gametophyte divides through ___ which makes ___

Answer 27

mitosis gametes

Question 28

# Plant Life Cycle fertilization is when ___ and forms the ___

Answer 28

2 gamtes come together forms the zygote

Question 29

# Plant Life Cycle the zygote divides through __ and forms the ___

Answer 29

mitosis forms the sporophyte (2n)

Question 30

gameto means:

Answer 30

produces gametes which combine through fertilization

Question 31

sporo means:

Answer 31

produces SPORES (asexual dispersal stage)

Question 32

five key derived traits that separate land plants from their algal relatives

Answer 32

1. alternation of generation 2. mutlicellular dependent embryos 3. gametangia 4. walled spores in sporangia 5. apical meristem

Question 33

how are terrestrial and aquatic life different? (4)

Answer 33

1. age 2. water avilability 3. spatial separation of ressources 4. adaptations

Question 34

aquatic life is ___ but ancestral plants are ___

Answer 34

older ancestral plants are terrestrial

Question 35

name 5 key traits in all land plants but are ABSENT in charophyceans

Answer 35

– Alternation of generations – Multicellular, dependent embryos – Walled spores produced in sporangia – Multicellular gametangia – Apical meristems

Question 36

# alternation of generations the gametophyte is ___ and produces ___ ___ by ____

Answer 36

haploid produces haploid gametes by mitosis

Question 37

charophytes do not have 2:

Answer 37

2 multicellular bodies

Question 38

what is sporollenin

Answer 38

resistant covering of walled spores

Question 39

# trait no.4 gametes are produced in:

Answer 39

gametangia

Question 40

# trait no.4 female gametangia:

Answer 40

archegonia (produces the egg)

Question 41

# trait no.4 male gametangia:

Answer 41

antheridia (produces sperm)

Question 42

how do plants take advantage or ressources in the air and soil?

Answer 42

apical meristem

Question 43

___ and ___ help plants defend themselves against: (2)

Answer 43

cuticle and secondary compounds herbivores and parasites

Question 44

Mycorrhizae:

Answer 44

symbitoic associations between fungi and land plants

Question 45

name 4 other traits that plants used to take advantage of ressources/defend themsleves

Answer 45

- cuticle and secondary compounds: defende against herbivores and parasites - Mycorrhizae - alkaloid quinines antimicrobial properties to fight against malaria

Question 46

what is a spore

Answer 46

haploid cell that can grow into a multicellular organism also found in fungi

Question 47

benefits of the new adaptove zone (terrestrial)? (3)

Answer 47

- nutrients - no competition/predators - sunlight

Question 48

# origin of land plants first colonizers:

Answer 48

Algae in littoral zones of lakes and ponds

Question 49

# origin of land plants selection pressure experienced by first colonizers?

Answer 49

drying

Question 50

what are the four major plant groups?

Answer 50

1. non vascular plants (bryophytes) 2. seedless vascular plants (ferns) 3. gymnosperms (non-flowering seed plants, conifers) 4. angiosperms (flowering plants)

Question 51

name 2 types of vascular plants

Answer 51

seedles vascular seend plants

Question 52

name 2 types of seed plants

Answer 52

gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 53

name 2 types of seedless vascular plants

Answer 53

1. lycophytes 2. monilophytes

Question 54

club mosses are:

Answer 54

vascular -> seedless -> Lycophytes

Question 55

ferns are:

Answer 55

vascular -> seedless -> Monilophytes

Question 56

whych plants first colonizde land?

Answer 56

bryophytes

Question 57

name 6 adaptations of bryophytes for life on land?

Answer 57

- Waxy cuticle - Embryos - Gametangia - Apical meristems (tissue specialization) - Resistant spores - Most have stomata

Question 58

in bryophytes, the sporophyte is ___

Answer 58

**DEPENDENT** on the dominant gametophyte on sugar, nutrients and water

Question 59

name 3 limitations for life on land of bryophytes?

Answer 59

- no vascular tissue - no woody tissue (cant grow tall) - swimming sprm (must be close to water)

Question 60

small arthropods are involved in:

Answer 60

small arthropods may also be involved in transferring sperm between the male and female plants over relatively larger distances and across a swimming barrier

Question 61

the evolution of vascular plants allows for: (3)

Answer 61

stems roots leaves

Question 62

what are the two types of leaves in vascular plants?

Answer 62

microphyll megaphyll

Question 63

which were the first plants to gorwn tall?

Answer 63

ferns vascular/seedless/monilophytes

Question 64

4 adaptations of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 64

- Vascular tissue (e.g. xylem, phloem) - Specialized tissues: roots, leaves - Lignin: woody tissue - Sporophyte becomes dominant

Question 65

spike moss/quilwort/club moss are?

Answer 65

Lycophytes

Question 66

fern/horsetail/whisk fern are:

Answer 66

monilophytes

Question 67

Xylem : tracheids :

Answer 67

Xylem conducts most of the water and minerals. The xylem of most vascular plants includes tracheids, tube- shaped cells that carry water and minerals up from the roots

Question 68

the water-conducting cells in vascular plants are:

Answer 68

lignified with lignin allows plants to grow tall

Question 69

phloem: (3)

Answer 69

phloem has cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products

Question 70

habitat of seedes vascular plants?

Answer 70

moist

Question 71

limitations for lofe on land of seedles vascular plants? (2)

Answer 71

- swimminh sperm - fragile & independent gametophyte

Question 72

when did tall lycophyte trees go extinct?

Answer 72

at the end of the Carboniferous, when earth’s climate became drier

Question 73

the early forests contributed to:

Answer 73

large drop in CO2 levels, cooling of earth

Question 74

what caused the coal forests? (3)

Answer 74

deadtrees in wetlands + heat and pressure

Question 75

why did coal forests decline?

Answer 75

drier cooler conditions and permian extinction **Seed plants rose to prominence when swamps began to dry up**

Question 76

what forests came after coal forests? | seedless vascular plants

Answer 76

conifers (seed plants)