Lecture 12

Question 1

What are the 4 borders of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

• orbits
• oral cavity
• anterior cranial fossa
• paranasal sinuses

Question 2

Which bone separates nasal cavities?

Answer 2

vomer bone

Question 3

What are the two features of the middle meatus?

Answer 3

• semilunar hiatus

- ethmoid bulla

Question 4

Which cranial nerves innervate the nose?

Answer 4

V1 and V2

Question 5

What are the 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 5

• frontal
• maxillary
• sphenoid sinuses
• ethmoid air cells

Question 6

Which sinuses drains via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus?

Answer 6

• frontal sinuses

- anterior ethmoid air cells

Question 7

Which sinus drains via maxillary ostium into semilunar hiatus?

Answer 7

maxillary sinuses

Question 8

Which sinus drains into spheno-ethmoidal recess?

Answer 8

sphenoid sinuses

Question 9

Which sinus drains into middle meatus?

Answer 9

middle ethmoid air cells

Question 10

Which sinus drains into superior meatus?

Answer 10

posterior ethmoid air cells

Question 11

What are 3 important features of the surface anatomy of the neck?

Answer 11

• sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
• thyroid cartilage
• hyoid bone

Question 12

Which muscle separates anterior and posterior triangle?

Answer 12

SCM

Question 13

In which compartment of the neck are the major blood vessels found?

Answer 13

carotid sheath

Question 14

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Answer 14

• SCM
• Inferior border of mandible
• midline of neck

Question 15

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

Answer 15

• SCM
• Trapezius
• clavicle

Question 16

Which two muscles further divide the anterior triangle into smaller triangles?

Answer 16

-digastric and omohyoid muscles

Question 17

The anterior triangle is further divided into which 4 smaller triangles?

Answer 17

• carotid triangle
• muscular triangle
• submandibular triangle
• submental triangle

Question 18

Which part of anterior triangle is palpated during a physical exam for the following:

• carotid
• muscular
• submandibular
• submental

Answer 18

• carotid-carotid sheath
• muscular-thyroid gland
• submandibular-submandibular gland and lymph nodes
• submental- lymph nodes

Question 19

The posterior triangle is further divided into which two triangles?

Answer 19

• occipital triangle

- omoclavicular triangle

Question 20

Trunks of brachial plexus are found in which triangle?

Answer 20

occipital triangle

Question 21

The subclavian artery and vein are found in which triangle?

Answer 21

omoclavicular triangle

Question 22

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 22

• stylohyoid
• digastric
• mylohyoid
• geniohyoid

Question 23

What are the 4 infrahyoid (strap) muscles?

Answer 23

• omohyoid
• sternohyoid
• thyrohyoid
• sternothyroid

Question 24

Which two veins are access points for central venous access lines?

Answer 24

• internal jugular veins

- subclavian veins

Question 25

What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?

Answer 25

- nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx

Question 26

Common passageway for food/liquid and air

Answer 26

pharynx

Question 27

Where does the pharynx divide into airway and alimentary tract?

Answer 27

laryngopharynx

Question 28

Mobile muscular layer in roof of oral cavity that attaches anteriorly to hard palate

Answer 28

soft palate

Question 29

The soft palate is innervated by which cranial nerve?

Answer 29

-CN X

Question 30

What are the 3 constrictor muscles?

Answer 30

- superior - middle - inferior

Question 31

The pharyngotympanic tube opens into the ____ pharynx and the tube connects pharynx to the _____ ear.

Answer 31

- superior pharynx | - middle ear

Question 32

- The border for the external ear to middle ear is: _________ - The border for the middle ear to internal ear is: ________

Answer 32

- tympanic membrane | - within the temporal bone

Question 33

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 33

- salpingopharyngeus - palatopharyngeus - stylopharyngeus

Question 34

What are the functions of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 34

- shorten pharynx | - elevate larynx during swallowing and vocalization

Question 35

Which structure overlies the pharynx creating a continuous tube?

Answer 35

mucosa

Question 36

Which region of the laryngopharynx do food pieces get caught?

Answer 36

piriform fossa

Question 37

Tonsils are collections of what type of tissue?

Answer 37

mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT); adenoids

Question 38

What are the 4 tonsils?

Answer 38

- pharyngeal - palatine - lingual - tubal tonsils

Question 39

Motor innervation of pharynx

Answer 39

- branches of X | - glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) innervates stylopharyngeus

Question 40

Stylopharyngeus is innervated by which nerve?

Answer 40

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 41

Sensory innervation of pharynx: naso, oro, laryngo

Answer 41

- V2: nasopharynx - IX: oropharynx - X-laryngopharynx (unconscious)

Question 42

Which muscle elevates uvula and which nerve innervates it?

Answer 42

- musculus uvulae | - CNX

Question 43

Which arteries supply the pharynx?

Answer 43

-ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, and maxillary arteries (branches of external carotid)

Question 44

Which veins drain the pharynx?

Answer 44

-pharyngeal venous plexus drains into internal jugular vein

Question 45

What are the 2 crucial functions of the pharynx?

Answer 45

- food passage: propel bolus through pharynx and UES to esophagus - airway protection: close larynx and trachea from pharynx to prevent food from entering airway

Question 46

What is the mechanism for swallowing?

Answer 46

- soft palate elevates - base of tongue retracts and push bolus against wall - pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract and squeeze bolus downward - longitudinal muscles shorten pharynx

Question 47

What are the 3 main functions of the larynx?

Answer 47

- acts as valve protecting airway during swallowing - modify air for production of sound during vocalization - valve to close airway during coughing and straining

Question 48

What are the 4 cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 48

- thyroid - cricoid - arytenoid - epiglottic

Question 49

What are the ligaments and membrane of the larynx?

Answer 49

- thyrohyoid membrane - vocal ligament - cricothyroid ligament - cricotracheal ligament

Question 50

What are the 2 joints of the larynx?

Answer 50

- cricothyroid joint | - cricoarytenoid joint

Question 51

What are the intrinsic muscles of larynx?

Answer 51

- cricothyroid - thryarytenoid, vocalis - posterior crico-arytenoid - lateral crico-arytenoid - transverse and oblique arytenoids

Question 52

The intrinsic muscles are all innervated by ___ nerve and cricothyroid is innervated by which nerve?

Answer 52

- inferior laryngeal nerve | - cricothyroid-external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 53

Which muscle tenses vocal fold?

Answer 53

cricothyroid

Question 54

Which muscle shortens/relaxes vocal folds?

Answer 54

thyroarytenoid

Question 55

Which muscle modifies tension of vocal folds?

Answer 55

vocalis

Question 56

Which muscle abducts (open) vocal folds?

Answer 56

-posterior crico-arytenoid: abduct

Question 57

Which muscles adduct (close) vocal folds?

Answer 57

- lateral crico-arytenoid - transverse arytenoids - oblique arytenoids

Question 58

Sensory innervation above and below vocal folds are by which nerves?

Answer 58

above-internal laryngeal nerve | below-inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 59

The larynx receives blood supply from which arteries?

Answer 59

-superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

Question 60

What is the main purpose of endotracheal intubation?

Answer 60

- maintain airway | - tube passes between vocal folds

Question 61

During phonation what state are the vocal folds in?

Answer 61

-adducted and vestibule is open