Lecture 9

Question 1

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

Answer 1

smell

Question 2

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

Answer 2

optic

Question 3

What is the main function of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 3

• eye movement

- eye accommodation

Question 4

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor to superior oblique muscle?

Answer 4

trochlear

Question 5

What are the functions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 5

• general sensation from face

- motor to muscles of mastication

Question 6

Which cranial nerve is responsible for movement to lateral rectus muscle?

Answer 6

abducens

Question 7

Which cranial nerve is responsible for anterior 2/3 of tongue and stimulate lacrimal glands and 2/3 of salivary glands?

Answer 7

facial

Question 8

What is the main function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Answer 8

hearing and balance

Question 9

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste in posterior tongue, localized general sensation of pharynx, and stimulate 1/3 of salivary glands?

Answer 9

glossopharyngeal

Question 10

What are the main functions of the vagus nerve?

Answer 10

• general sensation in larynx and upper esophagus

- motor innervation to striated muscles of palate, larynx, pharynx, and upper esophagus

Question 11

Which cranial nerve is responsible for trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?

Answer 11

accessory

Question 12

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor movement of tongue muscles?

Answer 12

hypoglossal

Question 13

The vasculature anatomically divides the head and neck into internal and external regions. What does the internal region consist of?

Answer 13

• brain
• cranial meninges
• inner table of skull

Question 14

The vertebral arteries ascend from which arteries and supply the internal region?

Answer 14

subclavian

Question 15

The brain receives O2 rich blood from which two arteries? and how to these arteries communicate with each other?

Answer 15

• internal carotid and vertebral arteries

- circle of willis

Question 16

The carotid sheath is a fascial sheath through which 3 things pass vertically through the neck?

Answer 16

• carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• vagus nerve

Question 17

The carotid bifurcation is site of which two important sense organs? Which nerve do the sensory innervation of the organs travel through?

Answer 17

• carotid body and carotid sinus

- travel trough glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 18

What are the branches of the external carotid artery? (8 branches)

Answer 18

• superficial temporal
• maxillary
• posterior auricular
• occipital
• facial
• lingual
• ascending pharyngeal
• superior thyroid

Question 19

Superficial temporal artery also gives off which other artery?

Answer 19

transverse facial artery

Question 20

What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery?

Answer 20

mandibular, pterygoid, and peterygopalatine

Question 21

The maxillary artery passes antero-medially across which fossa?

Answer 21

infratemporal fossa-space between mandible and skeleton of midface

Question 22

Which fossa contains mastication muscles and branches of V3 nerves?

Answer 22

infratemporal fossa

Question 23

Where does the internal carotid artery emerge in the skull?

Answer 23

middle cranial fossa

Question 24

The branches of the internal carotid artery supply which 4 regions?

Answer 24

• eye
• orbit
• forehead
• much of cerebrum

Question 25

What are the 4 parts of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 25

- Cervical - Petrous part (travel through petrous part of temporal bone) - Cavernous part (cavernous sinus) - Cerebral part

Question 26

Which two branches form the termination of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 26

-anterior and middle cerebral (larger)

Question 27

Which branch of the internal carotid supplies the temporal lobe, anterolateral frontal lobe, and parietal lobe?

Answer 27

middle cerebral

Question 28

Which branch of the internal carotid supplies the medial aspect of the anterior cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 28

anterior cerebral

Question 29

Which branch of the internal carotid supplies the walls of orbit and structures within orbit as well as skin anterior to orbit (eyelid)?

Answer 29

ophthalmic

Question 30

Central artery of the retina passes through which nerve?

Answer 30

optic nerve-enters back of eye to reach retina

Question 31

Why is the central artery of retina important in clinical examinations?

Answer 31

- only arterial vessel the physician can see directly | - true end artery-obstruction will result in complete blindness (no anastomoses)

Question 32

Where doe the carotid and subclavian systems anastomose?

Answer 32

-cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)

Question 33

What are the contributions of the vertebral arteries?

Answer 33

basilar artery which divides into 2 posterior cerebral

Question 34

What are the branches of the internal carotid?

Answer 34

- anterior cerebral - middle cerebral - posterior communicating - opthalmic

Question 35

Venous blood returns from head and neck via which veins?

Answer 35

- internal jugular - external jugular - vertebral - inferior thyroid veins

Question 36

Layers of tissue that surround CNS and contain CSF

Answer 36

meninges

Question 37

Artery between dura and skull breaks and bleeds into epidural space and create lense-shaped defect in cross section when periosteal dura pushed away from bone

Answer 37

epidural hematoma

Question 38

Low-pressure bleeding from bridging veins and cross arachnoid space. When torn, blood dissects arachnoid away from dura and ventricles compressed.

Answer 38

subdural hematoma

Question 39

This hematoma is caused by acceleration/deceleration injuries cause brain to move relative to skull or in elderly patients.

Answer 39

subdural hematoma

Question 40

Extravasation of blood into subarachnoid space between pia and arachnoid membranes. Blood follows pia layer and appears diffusely through brain.

Answer 40

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 41

This event is caused by trauma or cerebral aneurysm.

Answer 41

Subarachnoid hemorrage

Question 42

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

Answer 42

outer (perisoteal) and inner (meningeal) layers

Question 43

Endothelium-lined channels in spaces where layers of dura diverge. Venous blood runs through these channels to drain from brain out of the skull.

Answer 43

Dural venous sinuses

Question 44

Which the main venous structure in the neck?

Answer 44

internal jugular vein-descends through neck in the carotid sheath

Question 45

IJV originates as continuation of S-shaped sigmoid sinus and terminates superior to sternoclavicular joint by uniting with subclavian vein to form which vein?

Answer 45

brachiocephalic vein

Question 46

What is the clinical significance of the IJV?

Answer 46

Used as access location for central line placement

Question 47

Which muscle overlies IJV and is the main landmark for identifying and accessing vessel?

Answer 47

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 48

Where do most of the lymph nodes gather around?

Answer 48

internal jugular vein