Lecture 13

Question 1

Hematopoietin Family

Answer 1

Receptor Features: comprised of 1 to 3 subunits
- Subunit expression used to regulate activity

Question 2

IL-2 Receptor Subuinits (g-sharing)

Answer 2

1. a-subunit
   
   • confers ligand specificity; NO transduction
2. bg-subunit
   
   • weak binding/ signal transduction
3. abg-subunit
   
   • physiologically active

Question 3

a-subunit

Answer 3

Expressed in activated T-Cells; expressed in activated B-Cells

Question 4

b-chain bearing

Answer 4

Low-affinity receptors: NO signal transduction (HSC)
- IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF
High-affinity receptors: YES signal transduction (Myeloid Precursor)
- B-subunit

Question 5

Interferon Family

Answer 5

Interferes with viral growth; inhibits proliferation and survival of viruses

Question 6

Interferon-a (Made by multiple cell types)

Answer 6

1. Induces ribonucleases (degrades RNA)
2. Inhibits protein synthesis (translation)
3. Destroys virally infected cells

Question 7

Interferon-b (made by activated mac/DC and virus-infected cells)

Answer 7

1. Induces ribonucleases
2. Inhibits protein synthesis
3. Destorys virally-infected cells

Question 8

Interferon-g (made by NK cells and activated T-Cells)

Answer 8

1. Drives TH to TH1 (TC development_
2. Activates Macs

Question 9

Interferon-l

Answer 9

Upregulate anti-viral genes

Question 10

Protein Kinase R

Answer 10

1. Activated by dsRNA
2. Phosphorylates eIF2a (phosphorylation elongation)
3. Blocks initiation of translation

Question 11

2’,5’-oligoA Synthetase

Answer 11

1. Activated by dsRNA
2. Activates latent ribonucleases
3. Degrades viral mRNA

Question 12

Mx Proteins

Answer 12

1. Inhibits viral transcription
2. Detect nucleocapsid proteins
3. Prevents virus assembly

Question 13

Tumor Necrosis Factor Family

Answer 13

Not mainly about tumor necrosis
1. Regulates development and homeostasis
2. Signaling in a variety of tissues

Question 14

Tumor Necrosis Factor Family (TNF)

Answer 14

1. Can be soluble or membrane-bound
2. Receptors assemble into trimers
   -homotrimers

Question 15

TNF-a

Answer 15

Macrophage
1. Pro-inflammatory
2. Anti-tumor (apoptosis)
3. Pro-survival

Question 16

Lymphotoxin-a

Answer 16

Lymphocytes
1. Immune activation
2. MHC expression
3. Increased adhesion

Question 17

Lymphotoxin-b

Answer 17

Lymphocyte differentiation

Question 18

BAFF

Answer 18

B-Cell development and homeostasis

Question 19

APRIL

Answer 19

B-Cell development and homeostasis

Question 20

CD40L

Answer 20

T-Cell Surface
1. B-Cell differentiation

Question 21

FasL (CD95L)

Answer 21

TC Cell
1. Induces apoptosis

Question 22

Signaling

Answer 22

1. TNFs can be soluble or membrane-bound
2. TACE can liberate soluble TNFa

Question 23

Signaling

Answer 23

1. TNFa can bind to TNFR1 or TNFR2

Question 24

Caspases

Answer 24

Apoptosis

Question 25

Kinases

Answer 25

Cell activation/ proliferation

Question 26

TNF Binding

Answer 26

Induces receptor trimerization

Question 27

Receptor Trimer

Answer 27

Alters binding within the cytoplasmic domain

Question 28

TNF-R1

Answer 28

1. Binds both TNF-a and TNF-b 2. Has a cytoplasmic death domain 3. Binding either promotes apoptosis or survival

Question 29

HeLa Cells

Answer 29

1. Expresses Fas on their plasma membrane 2. Treated with FasL 3. Cells undergo apoptosis

Question 30

HeLa Cells (2)

Answer 30

1. Nuclear Condensation 2. Cell Rounding 3. Membrane Blebbing - packets of cellular material - Plasma membrane keeps its integrity

Question 31

FasL-induced Apoptotic Pathway

Answer 31

1. FasL binding trimerizes Fas receptors 2. Cytoplasmic death domains organize 3. Trimerized death domains bind FADD 4. DED on FADD binds to pro-capase-8

Question 32

FasL-induced Apoptotic Pathway (2)

Answer 32

1. Pro-caspase-8 clustering cleaves/ activates capase-8 2. Caspase-8 initates the apoptotic cascade

Question 33

Interleukin-17 Family

Answer 33

1. Functions primarily as homodimers 2. Associated with innate/inflammatory responses

Question 33

Interleukin-17 Family

Answer 33

1. Functions primarily as homodimers 2. Associated with innate/inflammatory responses 3. Secreted by TH17 cells 4. Interface between innate and adaptive immune systems

Question 34

IL-17

Answer 34

Directs TH17 cell development

Question 35

IL-17A

Answer 35

TH17 and NK Cells 1. Pro-inflammatory cytokine release

Question 36

Chemokine Family

Answer 36

1. signal through G-Protein Coupled Receptors 2. Induce chemotaxis by establishing a concentration gradient

Question 37

CXCL

Answer 37

CXCR

Question 38

CCL

Answer 38

CCR

Question 39

XCL OR (CL)

Answer 39

XCR OR CR

Question 40

CX3CL

Answer 40

CX3CR

Question 41

Rho- family of small GTPases

Answer 41

1. Directs the actin cytoskeleton 2. Pivotal in cell motility

Question 42

Activated Rac

Answer 42

Lamellipodia Formation - Protrusive; - Membrane Periphery - Orthogonal Arrays

Question 43

Activated Cdc42

Answer 43

Filopodia Formation - Protrusive - Membrane Periphery - Bundled Filaments

Question 44

Activated Rho

Answer 44

Stress Fiber Formation - Contractive - Cell Interior - Bundled Filaments

Question 45

Interleukin-1 Family

Answer 45

1. Early Inflammatory Response 2. Decoy Receptors: Inhibits IL-1 signal

Question 46

Hematopoietin Family (Class I Cytokine)

Answer 46

1. Hematopoietic Development 2. B- and T- Cell Differentiation 3. Receptor subunit expression

Question 47

Interferon Family (Class II Cytokine)

Answer 47

Anti-viral Response

Question 48

Tumor Necrosis Factor Family

Answer 48

1. Receptor trimerization 2. Apoptosis (or survival)

Question 49

Interleukin-17 Family

Answer 49

TH17 signaling for an inflammatory response

Question 50

Chemokines

Answer 50

1. Extravasation 2. Cell Migration