What % mammals show social monogamy
2-3%
Basic points that define social/affiliative bonding
Ability to recognise specific individuals
recognition = positive emotion, proximity seeking
Spearation = negative emotional effect, searching beheaviour
Aggregation towards intruders and threats to the bond (common in mating bonds)
Long term
What might features that developed as result o fsexual selection be
Harmful to individuals survival
Advantages of social bond
Protection against predators
Food provision
Stress reduction
Social learning
Inc chance of reproductive success
Survival/care of young (altricial animals)
Altricial animal def
Born in incomplete state, takes time and care to become fully operational alert and active
Maternal care critical to survival
Precocial animal def
Species where the young are relatively mature from birth/hatching
3 hypothesis for reason for monogamy in mammals
Parental care hypothesis
Discrete range hypothesis
Infanticide hypothesis
key diff between small brained mammals and primates in terms of forming a bond
- small brained = olfactory cues, activates social reward neural mechs
- primates = less olfactory, more so multimodal sensory cues, increased importance of social learning
3 types of imprinting
- filial imprinting = young animal wi parent
- fraternal = young animal w its own species
- sexual = w desirable mate
zebrafinch study on link between filial and sexual imprinting
- if eggs swtiched between diff mothers, the male offspring prefer to mate w female birds that resemble their adopted mother
first example of imrpinting
lorenz and goslings
what happens to behaviour in sheep/goats that are cross fostered
- play and grroming resembles that of adopted mother
- aggression, climbing, feeding, vocals resemble the genetic origin
what happens to mating behaviour in cross fostered sheep/goats
- males will choose their adopted species to mate wiht
- females revert to their genetic origin
what area of sheep brain responds strongly to familiar face
right temporal and medial frontal cortex
same region implicated in humans in facial recog
parental influence on mate choice in humans
no evidence that women choose partners that look like their dad
but
men do prefer women that look like mum
reverse sexual imprinting (westermarck effect)
- sexual aversion w individuals that were raised in the same peer or family group
- aversion is stronger in women than men
parental investement theory
aversion to peers in same peer/family group due to greater inbreeding avoidance
