Lecture 14

Question 1

Where is the majority of atp produced?

Answer 1

By oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrion

Question 2

Describe ATP synthesis in cellular resperation

Answer 2

• NADH and FADH2 transported into mitochondrion

- shuttling protons and electrons that were originally in glucose

Question 3

Describe oxidative phosphorylation: electron transfer

Answer 3

• inside the cell: NADH and FADH2 oxidized by protein complexes of electron transport chain
• electrons passed among complexes to oxygen via carriers called coenzyme Q and cytochrome c
• oxygen reduced to water with electrons and H+

Question 4

What is chemiosmosis

Answer 4

Use of H+ gradient to drive work

Question 5

When H ions move from the inter-membrane space to to the matrix without going through ATP what is this called and how does it happen

Answer 5

• uncoupled process
• poisons called ionosphere can make membranes permeable to ions like H+
• proteins called uncoupling proteins facilitate diffusion of H+ ions back in

Question 6

What is brown fat?

Answer 6

• High density of uncoupling proteins in mitochondria

- generates heat without shivering

Question 7

What are obligate aerobes

Answer 7

Organisms that use must use oxygen in glucose catabolism

Question 8

What are obligate anaerobes

Answer 8

Use an electron transport chain with alternate electron acceptor such as sulphate instead of oxygen

Question 9

What is the substrate of fermentation?

Answer 9

Pyruvate

Question 10

What are the two ways of fermentation?

Answer 10

• alcohol-pyruvate reduces to ethanol

- lactate- pyruvate reduces to lactate

Question 11

How did the earliest prokaryote likely produce atp?

Answer 11

Glycolysis and fermentation

Question 12

Describe catabolism of proteins

Answer 12

• digested to amino acids
• amino groups- feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle
• ammonia produced

Question 13

Describe the catabolism of fats

Answer 13

• Hydrolyzed to glycerol, can feel glycolysis

- fatty acids feed into citric cycle