Lecture 17

Question 1

What is a shmoo?

Answer 1

An area that a cell extends to another cell by signalling mating factors

Question 2

How do cells communicate over long distances?

Answer 2

Through circulating fluids, usually hormones

Question 3

How do cells communicate from short distances

Answer 3

Plant- plasmodesmata

Animal- gap junctions

Question 4

Why are speed and strength of signals important?

Answer 4

• ATP for fight or flight response

- Detoxification enzymes to prevent damage death

Question 5

What is a ligand?

Answer 5

-Messenger molecules sent by secretory cells and received by receptor molecules on target cells

Question 6

What are the stages in cell signaling

Answer 6

• release of signal molecule
• reception of signal
• transduction (carrying)of signal
• response

Question 7

What’s the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic messengers

Answer 7

• hydrophilic - signal can not easily cross membrane and bind on outside of cell
• hydrophobic cross the membrane easily and bind on inside of cell

Question 8

What is a second messenger

Answer 8

Smaller hydrophilic molecule inside of the cell

Question 9

What’s GPCRs

Answer 9

G-protein-coupled receptors

• largest family of cell surface receptors
• spans membrane, extracellular binding site