Lecture 16 objectives

Question 1

What similarties do the mitochondrai and chloroplasts have?

Answer 1

they both have a double membrane, semi-autonomous organelles, and do ATP syntheis by ATP synthase

Question 2

What is the composition of the Mitochondria only?

Answer 2

all eukaryotic cells, small organelles, fusiona dn fission

Question 3

How manu membranes and inner compartmens does the MITO have>

Answer 3

2 membranes and 2 inner compartments

Question 4

The Mitochondrias OMM key features

Answer 4

it is high permeable (porins), communication with the cytosol and ER, syntesis of phospholipods

Question 5

Key traits of the MITO’s intermembrane space

Answer 5

chemically similar to cytosol, cytochrome C, and accumulation of protons

Question 6

Key features of the inner mitochondria memrbane

Answer 6

impermeabke barrier, metabolite transfer, location of ETC and ATP synthease, folded membranes increase surface

Question 7

Ley features of the mitochondria matrix

Answer 7

it is 67% proteins, mtDNA, ribosomes, and enzymes for TCA and B-oxidation of fatty acids

Question 8

Which statement correctly describes a key feature of the inner
mitochondrial membrane?
A. Freely permeable to small ions and metabolites
B. Houses the electron transport chain and ATP synthase
C. Contains porins allowing passive diffusion
D. Contains enzymes for β-oxidation

Answer 8

B. Houses the electron transport chain and ATP synthase

Question 9

What is mito fission?

Answer 9

mitochondrion divding into smaller ones

Question 10

what is mito fusion?

Answer 10

the process of two or more mito mergning into larger,elongated one

Question 11

Describe the MITO genome

Answer 11

circular dna, multie copies per mitochondira, heteroplasmy, no histones , independatn replication

Question 12

Protei import in mitochondria

Answer 12

12 protein syntehized by MITO, 99% of proteins encoded by nuclear genes

Question 13

Lipid import in the MITO

Answer 13

cardiolipin, a phospholipids with 3 fatty acid chains is syntehized by mitochondria . other lipids are syntehized in the ER

Question 14

Pyruvate, fatty acids →

Answer 14

acetly-COA

Question 15

Citiric acid cycles makes…

Answer 15

NADH + CO2

Question 16

The ETC and ATP syntheis are

Answer 16

ocidative phosphorylation

Question 17

What is the immediate product
of pyruvate oxidation?
A. Oxaloacetate
B. Acetyl-CoA
C. Citrate
D. Lactate

Answer 17

B. Acetyl-CoA

Question 18

Where is the ETC located?

Answer 18

inner mitochondiral membrane

Question 19

What are electron donors? (ETC)

Answer 19

actived electron carriers transfer electrons to ETC complexes

Question 20

what complex is NADH?

Answer 20

Complex I

Question 21

what complex is FADH2?

Answer 21

Complex II

Question 22

H+ electrochemical gradient: proton motive force (PMF), how does it do this?

Answer 22

Protons move up the electrochemical H+ gradient due to the proton pump

Question 23

What does the F=pump do?

Answer 23

functions as the H+ pump but inreverse .

Question 24

ATP synthase produces ATP by:
A. Direct oxidation of NADH
B. Using proton flow through
F₀ to drive conformational
changes in F₁
C. Substrate-level
phosphorylation
D. Transporting ADP into the
matrix

Answer 24

B. Using proton flow through
F₀ to drive conformational
changes in F₁

Question 25

what is thermogensis?

Answer 25

heat production via mitochondrial oxidative metabolism

Question 26

Mechanism of Thermogenesis

Answer 26

uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation