Conditioning (noun):
the state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order
Give an example of conditioning (noun).
- a person’s or animal’s state of health or physical fitness
- an illness or other medical problem
Conditioning (verb):
bring (something) into the desired state of use
Give an example of conditioning (verb).
make (a person or animal) fit and healthy
What are the 4 ways the conditioning is achieved?
- PA
- nutrition
- ergogenic aids
- adjunctive modalities (massage, thermal etc.)
Exercise:
- activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness
- an activity carried out for a specific purpose
- generation of force by the activated muscles
- disruption of a homeostatic state
Exercise is a type of _____ _____.
physical activity
PA is an activity requiring _____ _____.
physical exertion
What is the difference between PA and exercise?
- in PA: purpose may or may not be to sustain or improve health and/or fitness
- in exercise: specific purpose is to sustain or improve health and/or fitness
What are the 5 types of exercise?
- locomotion
- activities of daily living
- occupation
- recreation/sport
- exercise
What are the 3 types of muscle activity?
- concentric
- isometric
- eccentric
Muscle effort can come from what 2 types of muscles?
- striated muscle (skeletal, cardiac)
- smooth muscle
What are the 2 types of exercise that use muscle effort?
- cardiovascular fitness
- musculoskeletal fitness
Homeostasis:
- Le milieu interieur (Claude Bernard)
- regulation of an organism’s or cell’s internal environment
- maintain a condition of equilibrium regardless of changing external conditions
Disruption of homeostasis:
external conditions exceed organism’s/cell’s ability to regulate internal environment
Describe a single disruption of homeostasis.
- stimulus –> response
- physiologic processes occur to restore homeostasis
Describe a multiple disruption of homeostasis.
- stimulus –> response –> adaptation
- stimuli presented repeatedly
- physiologic processes occur to change the condition of the organism/cell
How does a stimulus elicit adaptations?
- must be sufficient to disrupt homeostasis
- type of stimulus
- exercise volume and intensity
FITT principle:
- F: frequency
- I: intensity (difficulty)
- T: type
- T: time (volume or amount)
What is (Physical) training?
planned regimen of appropriate types of exercise, with sufficient volume, intensity and frequency to elicit change in an organism’s condition
Training involves ____ and _____ of training.
- modes
- methods
Modes of training:
exercise selection
Methods of training:
manipulation of volume, intensity and frequency
What are the 3 training objectives?
- health and wellness
- body composition/aesthetics
- performance
