what are the main requirements of packaging?
- functional (protect and sell)
- compatible with product
- compatible with equipment, transportation, retailing
- economically practically
- in compliance with legal requirements
what are 3 main reasons for the deterioration of food?
- physical damage: mechanical forces
- chemical change: accelerated by light, moisture, O2, temp changes
- biological damage: microorganisms, pests, rodents, humans (adulteration and tampering)
physical protection includes avoiding what?
physical damage
spillage
dust
moisture loss/gain
chemical spoilage includes what?
lipid oxidation enzymatic degradation non-enzymatic browning nutrient loss color/flavor change
how does light affect food?
can damage it by:
- oxidizing lipids
- destructing vitamins
- bleaching colors
what are examples of materials that block
a) all light
b) selective wavelengths
a) aluminum foil
b) PVC, which absorbs UV
the package controls what?
whether the following factors enter/exit: light heat moisture gases microorganisms
how does packaging act as a means of communication?
it can communicate image (brand, impression, value, etc…)
and can communicate information (contents, best-before date, nutrition value, cooking instructions, etc…)
a successfully packaged product is targeting to a ____ ____
specific consumer
eg. age, gender, education, income, etc…
what do you need consider to ensure the package is compatible with the product?
consider the physical and chemical nature of the product
what needs to be considered when transporting product to consumer
- mode of transport
- length of transport and storage
- wt and size restrictions
- environmental restrictions
- legal requirements
- point and method of sale
what are factors affecting the cost of packaging?
- cost of materials, filling, transporting
- value of product
- size of market
- shelf life
what are legal requirements affecting the packaging?
- identification of product
- nutritional labeling
- health claims
- certifications
- transportation
what are specific factors that affect mechanical properties of packaging?
wt elasticity heat-sealability mechanical sealability strength (tensile, tear, impact, bursting)
what are different aspects of strength of packaging?
tensile
tear
impact
bursting
what are 3 main components of the food packaging industry?
suppliers
fillers
services
what are 2 main aspects of the supplier component of the food packaging industry?
converters: cans, containers, bottles, etc…
machinery: converting machinery, product filling, sealing, etc…
what consists of the fillers component of the food packaging industry?
products (eg. the food or beverage)
what are 3 main aspects of the services component of the food packaging industry?
design: photography, labelling, graphics
marketing: consumer testing, brand mapping
testing
all packaging systems are ____ into a ____
integrated; system
packaging is ____ leveled
a) single
b) multi
multi
what are 4 levels of packaging systems?
- primary package: direct contact with the product
- secondary package: holds one or more primary packages
- shipping container: bundles packages for easy handling
- unit load: several shipping containers grouped for mass handling and transport
describe the loadmaster introduced by Coors
- transport/display system with a series of trays with interlocking divisions
- product and divisions are contained within large trays, printed for brand recognition
- each tray is removed as each layer of product is consumed
in a cookie packaging system, what are the 4 levels?
primary: corrugated HDPE tray with PP overlap
secondary: paperboard box
shipping container: corrugated carton
unit load: pallet of cartons wrapped wtih stretch wrap
