1
Q
Nutrition
A
The study of how your body uses the food that you eat
2
Q
Malnutrition
A
Is the lack of the right proportions of nutrients over an extended period
3
Q
Nutrient
A
- A chemical substance, an active ingredient, in food that helps maintain the body
4
Q
Explain a nutrient
A
- Some provide energy
- All help build cells and tissues, regulate bodily processes such as breathing
- No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function
- Deficiency Disease: failure to meet your nutrient needs
5
Q
What atre the types of active ingredients
A
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
- Protein
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
6
Q
Explain Proteins fully
A
- Provide energy, encourage growth and tissue repair
- Made up of small units called amino acids
- 20 important to the human body: 9 your body can’t make and 11 it can
- Complete protein: animal foods and soy
- Incomplete proteins: plant foods
- Must pair 2 foods together: beans and rice
7
Q
Calcium
A
A mineral important for strong teeth and bones and for muscle and nerve function
- The major mineral constituent of bone
8
Q
Chloride
A
- A mineral that regulates body fluid volume, concentration and acid-base balance
- Balance intertwined with that of sodium
9
Q
Chromium
A
- A mineral important in regulating blood glucose
- Sources : brewer’s yeast, whole grains and meats
10
Q
Copper
A
- A mineral that is important for nerve function, bone maintenance, growth, blood formation and utilization of glucose
- Sources : organ meats, sea foods, nuts and seeds
11
Q
Fluoride
A
- A mineral that is important to dental and bone health
- Greatly improves resistance to cavitites
- Sources : fluoridated water, foods cooked in or containing fluoridated water, fish with bones that are eaten, and tea
12
Q
Phosphorus
A
- A mineral essential to bone formation and maintenance, energy metabolism, nerve function and acid balance
- Sources : meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products and cereal products.
13
Q
Potassium
A
- A mineral that is essential for nerve function, muscle contraction and maintenance of normal blood pressure
- Sources : fruits and vegetables
14
Q
What are Methods: Industrial gas treatment
A
- Mechanical filtration
- Absorption
- Adsorption
- Oxidation
- Reverse osmosis
15
Q
Explain Mechanical filtration
A
- This method uses filters and other devices to remove solid particles such as dust and smoke from the gas stream
- Filters can be in the form of fabric bags, electrostatic filters etc.
16
Q
Explain Absorption
A
- Is based on the chemical interaction of impurities with an absorbing liquid, resulting their extraction from the gas stream
- The absorbed gases are subsequently regenerated during the extraction process
17
Q
Expalin Adsorption
A
- This method also relies on chemical treatment, but unlike absorption, gases are adsorbed onto the surface of a solid material which is called an adsorbent
- Activated carbon or molecular sieves are often used in this process
18
Q
Explain Oxidation
A
- Pollutants in the gas stream are oxidized by catalysts or direct exposure to chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone
19
Q
Explain Reverse osmosis
A
- This method is applied to treat gases containing oil vapors or other organic substances
- The process is based on passing the gas stream through a semipermeable membrane principle that retains the contaminants, allowing only clean gas to pass through
20
Q
For water purification, what are the discarded water / effluent treatmeant strategies
A
- Physical
- Chemical
- Biological
21
Q
For water purification, what makes up the physical discarded water / effluent treatmeant strategies
A
- Flocculation
- Flotation
- Filtration
- Sedimentation
22
Q
For water purification, what makes up the chemical discarded water / effluent treatmeant strategies
A
- Precipitation
- Adsorption
- Disinfection
23
Q
For water purification, what makes up the biological discarded water / effluent treatmeant strategies
A
- Aerobic
- Anaerobic
- Anoxic
24
Q
Purpose of Waste Water Treatment
A
1 .To prevent pathogenic microorganisms from causing the disease
- To control unpleasant taste & appearance of particles
- To remove the excessive color of water & turbidity
4.To extract the chemicals & dissolved minerals
25
What is Wastewater
- Is water generated after the use of freshwater, raw water, drinking water or saline
water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes
- Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration
26
Explain industrial wastewater
Waterborne waste generated from a variety of industrial processes, such as manufacturing operations, mineral extraction, power generation, or water and wastewater treatment
27
Explain cooling water
Is released with potential thermal pollution after use to condense steam or reduce machinery temperatures by conduction or evaporation
28
Explain surface runoff
The flow of water occurring on the ground surface when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate the soil
29
Urban runoff
Including water used for outdoor cleaning activity and landscape irrigation in densely populated areas created by urbanization
30
Inorganic Fertilizer
- Produced chemically using processes that contain nutrients for crop growth
- Quick action and availability in a range of forms, including liquid, pellet, granule, and spike
- Types = nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer
31
Organic fertilisers
- Made from plants and animals
- Improves the soil by supplying carbonic molecules required for plant growth by changing the physical and chemical
composition of the soil, increase the amount of organic matter in the soil, and promote microbial reproduction
- Crucial components for green foods
- Moreover, Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) analyses of organic fertilizers are often but they nourish plants for a much longer duration.
- Agricultural Waste, Municipal Sludge, Industrial Waste, Livestock Manure, etc. are the common sources for the organic fertilizers
32
Types of animal feed
- Traditional feed
- Compound feed
- Premixes
33
Explain Traditional feed
- This is generally used to refer to food scraps as found in every household and the by- products as obtained from industries related to food processing. Some of the common examples of traditional feed are:
- Peanuts, corn and soy which are by-products of oil crop milling
- Slop, a food scrap fed to pigs
- Chicken scratch, scrap fed to chicken
- Spent grain, a by-product of the brewing industry etc.
34
Explain Compound feed
- These are compound blends made keeping a specific animal in mind
- Thus raw materials and other additives are formulated as per the requirements of
specific animals so as to ensure maximum benefit to the targeted animal
- Generally the main ingredient of the same are feed grains, such as sorghum, soybeans, oats, barley and corn which are formulated by the feed manufacturers as pellets, crumbles or meal
types
35
Explain premixes
- These are sometimes classified under compound feed or sold separately
- They include a blend of micro ingredients in commercial rations and can be easily procured from companies selling premixes in the sacked form
- This easy availability enables the farmer to purchase a premix of his choice depending on the animals that he rears
- The farmers can also make their own mixes by using their own special formula and yet be assured that their farm animals are getting the recommended levels of nutrients
- Some of the micro ingredients which form a part of the premixes are:
* Vitamins;
* Minerals;
* Antibiotics;
* Chemical preservatives;
* Fermentation products etc
36
Expalin fertiliser
- Is the supplementary material that is given to crops to boost productivity
- To provide the necessary plant nutrients in areas with poor soil fertility, farmers utilize natural or artificial materials regularly to enhance crop productivity
- The practical goal is to determine how much nutrient material to add
- These fertilizers include nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, which are crucial elements needed by plants
37
Explain nitrogen as an ingredient for plant fertilisers
- Nitrogen is essential for plant growth, particularly of leaves, since it is a constituent of amino acid and proteins, which must be made to make new cells
- It is combined forms commonly as ammonium nitrate, other ammonium salts or
nitrates, or as urea, are used in plant fertilizer
38
Explain phosphorus as an ingredient for plant fertilisers
- Is used in plant fertilizers in the form of phosphate such as superphosphate or triple phosphate
- Similarly, basic slag, the byproduct from steel industry is also used as phosphate fertilizer
- The main function of phosphorus is
to stimulate early root formation and rapid growth of root
- It also helps in the formation of high yielding seeds
39
Explain potassium as an ingredient for plant fertilisers
- Is another main ingredients of fertilizers that are used in the form of potassium sulphate, potassium nitrate, and muriate of potash
- Potassium ions helps in flowering
- It retain water in the plant cell by osmotic pressure and provides healthy root system to the plant
CHM 221 - Inorganic
flashcards
Decks in class (12)
# Cards
-
Lecture 1 - Catalysis44
-
Lecture 2 Health and Nutrition69
-
Lecture 4 - Green Chemistry35
-
Lecture 5 - Crystal Structure30
-
Lecture 3 - Reactors18
-
Lecture 4b - Green Chemistry24
-
Lecture 2 test stuff39
-
Leecture 3 - Test 1 stuff20
-
Chapter 6 - Group Theory ( Test )31
-
Chapter 5 - Test ( Crystal structure )38
-
Extra for chapter 5&610
-
Test 2 Memo answers15
