Lecture 22 - Hydration

Question 1

How much of the body is H2O? (male vs female)

Answer 1

• f = 50%
• m = 60%

Question 2

Acute changes in weight are from…

Answer 2

body water changes

Question 3

What contributes to water input?

Answer 3

• Beverages
• Foods
• Endogenous

Question 4

What contributes to water output?

Answer 4

• urine
• faeces
• insensible losses

Question 5

What is insensible loss?

Answer 5

water lost in breath or sweat

Question 6

Why are water recommendations variable?

Answer 6

• Intra- and inter-individual variation in hydration status
• Factors include diet, insensible losses, environment, genetics

Question 7

What is the AI for male and female water intake (not including food)?

Answer 7

• m = 2.6L
• f = 2.1L

Question 8

What is the AI for male and female water intake (including food)?

Answer 8

• m = 3.4
• f = 2.8

Question 9

What are the health benefits of water?

Answer 9

• weight control
• kidney disease (help prevent kidney stones and UTI)
• bladder cancer

Question 10

What regulates water intake?

Answer 10

• increased intake with thirst
• decreased urine output

Question 11

What is mild dehydration?

Answer 11

• 2-5% loss of body weight
• symptoms:
• headache
• restless
• don’t feel well
• thirsty

Question 12

What is moderate dehydration?

Answer 12

• 6-10% loss of body weight
• lethargic
• rapid pulse
• dry mouth and eyes
• shrunken fontanelle (in babies)
• skin retracts slowly
• decreased BP
• concentrated urine

Question 13

What is severe dehydration?

Answer 13

• > 10% loss of body water
• drowsy
• limp
• rapid but feeble pulse
• no urine
• death of a child in 24h

Question 14

How do you treat mild dehydration?

Answer 14

drink water

Question 15

How do you treat moderate and severe dehydration?

Answer 15

• depends on circumstance and healthcare access
• if have medical care and higher income, use an IV
• if no medical access and lower income, use ORS and zince

Question 16

What is ORS?

Answer 16

• oral rehydration salts
• rehydrate and replace electrolytes
• made of osmolarity, water, glucose, Na+, K+, Cl-, bicarbonate, co-transport of sodium and glucose

Question 17

For hot yoga, are you dehydrated? What is the treatment?

Answer 17

• not dehydrated
• drink with thirst as a guide

Question 18

If you get food poisoning, what is the treatment for dehydration?

Answer 18

• drink water and eat
• avoid drinks high in sugars

Question 19

If someone is sick in NZ and is dehydrated, what is the treatment?

Answer 19

• Drink water or ORS
• Have water available and offer frequently
• Good access to medical care/hospital: likely given IV

Question 20

If someone is sick in a rural area and is dehydrated, what is the treatment?

Answer 20

• Mild to moderate dehydration
• No or delayed access to medical care/hospital
• ORS + zinc