Lecture 24

Question 1

The Middle Ear

Answer 1

is beyond the eardrum and is an air-filled space connected to the pharynx by the Eustachian tube

Question 2

The External Ear

Answer 2

consists of the pinna and the ear canal, sealed at its end by the tympanic membrane, or eardrum.

Question 3

The Inner Ear

Answer 3

contains the sensors: cochlea for hearing and the vestibular apparatus for equilibrium.

Question 3

What is sound?

Answer 3

pressure waves

Question 3

Frequency

Answer 3

is the number of wave peaks per second (in hertz (Hz)).

Question 4

How do we perceive frequency?

Answer 4

as pitch (low frequency= low pitch)

Question 5

Steps of Sound Vibration

Answer 5

1. The eardrum vibrates the malleus (hammer) bone
2. The malleus moves the incus (anvil)
3. The incus which moves the stapes (stirrup)
4. The stapes pushes like a piston against the oval window, a membrane between middle and inner ear.