The six antecedents of IORs forming
- Necessity
- Asymmetry
- Reciprocity
- Efficiency
- Stability/predictability
- Legitimacy
IOR formation antecedent necessity
Formation on the ground of legal or regulatory requirements, might not be voluntary
IOR formation antecedent asymmetry
Potential of exercising control/power over another organization, not cooperation but control
IOR formation antecedent reciprocity
Pursuing mutually beneficial goals, cooperation and coordination
IOR formation antecedent efficiency
Improving internal input/output ratio. Transaction cost theory
IOR formation antecedent stability/predictability
Environmental uncertainty moves organizations to team up
IOR formation antecedent legitimacy
Enhancing acceptance from stakeholders. Partner with organization with higher legitimacy
Six types of relations
- Joint program
- Trade association
- Voluntary agency federation
- Joint venture
- Agency-sponsor linkage
- Corporate-financial interlock
Trade association relation
Promote interests of members, make their viewpoints clear to government and lobby public-policy makers to achieve favorable legislations
Voluntary agency federation
Federation of members that delegate certain administrative tasks, sucsmh as fund raising or coordinating interagency linkages to a central management organization
Joint venture
Enhance market power and improve competitive position against rivals
Joint program
Planning specific programs or activities
Agency-sponsor linkage
Often vertical, a relation between an organization and a supplier of financial resources. Often dyadic in nature
