Lecture 3

Question 1

Path of blood from superficial cerebral veins to the heart

Answer 1

Superficial cerebral veins - bridging veins - superior sagittal sinus - confluence of sinuses - transverse sinus - sigmoid sinus - internal jugular vein - heart

Question 2

Hole that the sinus exits the skull at

Answer 2

Jugular foramen

Question 3

Where do superficial middle cerebral veins drain into

Answer 3

1. Cavernous sinus
2. Superior anastomotic vein into the superior sagittal sinus
3. Inferior anastomotic vein into the tranverse sinus,

Question 4

Where does the cavernous sinus drain into

Answer 4

The transverse sinus via the superior petrosal sinus
The sigmoid sinus via the inferior petrosal sinus

Question 5

Epidural hematoma

Answer 5

Blood between dura and skull
Blood from middle meningeal artery
Doesn’t spread everywhere (stopped by sutures)

Question 6

Subdural hematoma

Answer 6

Blood between dura and arachnoid mater, from bridging veins
Spreads everywhere

Question 7

What becomes the ventricles

Answer 7

The luman of the neural tube

Question 8

Pathway of CSF through ventricles

Answer 8

Lateral ventricles - through interventricular foramen - third ventricle - through cerebral aqueduct - fourth ventricle - through lateral/median apertures - subarachnoid space

Question 9

Vascular supply to lateral and third ventricles

Answer 9

Internal carotid artery

Question 10

Choroid plexus

Answer 10

Component of ventricles that make CSF
Made of ependymal cells surrounding capillaries

Question 11

CSF functions

Answer 11

Supports mass (floats the brain)
Cushions CNS
Contains electrolytes for CNS
Route for chemical messengers

Question 12

Subarachnoid cisterns

Answer 12

Enlarged subarachnoid spaces = larger CSF pockets

Question 13

Notable subarachnoid cisterns

Answer 13

Cisterna magna (largest, between cerebellum and medulla oblongata, median aperture)
Pontine cistern (in front of pons, receives CSF from lateral apertures)

Question 14

Communicating hydrocephaly

Answer 14

Outside ventricular system, obstructed circulation/absorption of CSF (cisterns, arachnoid granulations), leads to enlarged ventricles and enlarged subarachnoid space

Question 15

Noncommunicating (obstructive) hydrocephaly

Answer 15

Within ventricular system, ventricles are blocked by obstructions (tumor, cyst, or scarring), enlarged ventricles, subarachnoid space normal/smaller