Lecture 4

Question 1

CNS blood supply (2)

Answer 1

1. Internal carotid arterial system (anterior circulation)
2. Vertebro-basilar system (posterior circulation

Question 2

What is the Circle of Willis

Answer 2

Where two arterial systems anastomose (join together), protects against stroke

Question 3

Circle of Willis parts

Answer 3

MCA, PCA, ACA, posterior communicating artery, anterior communicating artery

Question 4

Vertebro-basilar system components

Answer 4

Vertebral artery
Basilar artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Posterior spinal arteries (from PICA)
Anterior spinal artery (from vertebral artery)
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Pontine arteries
Superior cerebellar artery
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

Question 5

Internal carotid arterial system components

Answer 5

Internal carotid artery
Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
Anterior choroidal artery (supplies choroid plexus)
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
Recurrent artery of Heubner (medial striate)
Posterior communicating artery
Anterior communicating artery

Question 6

Middle cerebral artery

Answer 6

Major blood vessel lateral part of cerebral hemisphere
Supplies sensory motor strip of upperbody
Supplies thalamus and basal ganglia
Most common area for infarcts/aneurysms

Question 7

Anterior cerebral artery

Answer 7

Major blood vessel for medial part of cerebral hemisphere
Supplies sensory motor strip of lower body

Question 8

Posterior cerebral artery

Answer 8

Supplies primary visual cortex
Supplies large part of temporal lobe (& limbic systems)

Question 9

What does the callosomarginal artery supply?

Answer 9

Paracentral lobule (motor and sensation for lower limb)

Question 10

Watershed ischemia (gives rise to ‘Man in a Barrel’ Syndrome - impaired trunk/core stability)

Answer 10

Distal most portions of cerebral arteries (where two major arteries meet) don’t receive enough blood when blood flow is reduced, blood pressure is decreased, heart attack occurs - becomes ischemic (can undergo cell death)

Question 11

Cerebrovascular disease cause and result

Answer 11

Cause: atherosclerotic disease or embolism that narrows, blocks or ruptures blood vessels
Result: Brain derived of O2 - necrosis - infarct - inflammation (brain swelling)

Question 12

2 types of infarct

Answer 12

Ischemic (blood vessel blockage)
Hemorrhagic (blood vessel rupture)

Question 13

Ischemic stroke

Answer 13

87% of strokes, most common cause is blood clots
Artery blockage stops the flow of blood to an area of the brain downstream

Question 14

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 14

Artery leak or rupture, blood puts high pressure on brain cells which damages them

Question 15

Intracerebral hemorrhage cause

Answer 15

Central (perforating) arteries

Question 16

Subarachnoid hemorrhage cause

Answer 16

Aneurysms

Question 17

What does the cavernous sinus contain, and what drains into it

Answer 17

Pituitary gland, blood vessels, CN (III, IV, V, VI)
Ophthalmic and facial veins drain into it (picking pimples can infect cavernous sinus, affecting cranial nerves)