lecture 5

Question 1

factory analogy of cell

Answer 1

mitochondria- power, provides energy
ER- factory floor, builds proteins
tubules- transport 
golgi body- mailroom
lysosomes- custodial
microfilaments- structural
nucleus- office

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

functions to seperate intra from extra cellular fluid

- regulates movements of substances in and out of cell and maintains concentration gradient

Question 3

composition of cell membrane

Answer 3

phospholipids-
hydrophilic head: phosphorus
hydrophobic tail: lipids

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

houses chromosomes

Question 5

chromosomes

Answer 5

“books that contain blueprints for prodtein production”
blueprints –> genes
double helix DNA made up of AT CG
humans have 23 pairs

Question 6

gene

Answer 6

segment of DNA that encodes for particular protein construction
- sequeunce of bases that determines which AA will be joined

Question 7

transcription

Answer 7

DNA –> mRNA
RNA polymerase is responsible
- U is substituted for T

Question 8

translation

Answer 8

mRNA–> amino acid sequence (eventually link to form a polypeptide chain)
- ribosomes are responsible

Question 9

codon

Answer 9

sequence of 3 bases into an AA

Question 10

AA composition

Answer 10

central carbon
hydrogen
amino group
carboxyl group
side chain (R)
- linked by a peptide bond

Question 11

proteins

Answer 11

folded up polypeptide chain

• shape is crucial to function
• have many different functions

Question 12

golgi bodies

Answer 12

package proteins in membranes and give them a label indicating where they go

Question 13

microtubules

Answer 13

transport the vesicles to their destination inside or outside the cell

Question 14

steps of protein packaging and shipment

Answer 14

1. proteins formed in ER enter golgi bodies, are wrapped and given a shipping address
2. each protein package is attached to a motor molecule and moves along microtubule to destination
   3a. protein can b incorporated into membrane
   3b. can remain inside as an enzyme
   3c. can be excreted from the cell

Question 15

proteins sability to change shape

Answer 15

protein must be able to change shape

- inserting key into lock will change shape of lock and allow the door to open

Question 16

channels gates and pumps

Answer 16

channel- opening in a protein allows passage of ions
gate- allows substances to pass only when open
pump- actively transports substance across membrane