Lecture 5- Chapter 7:

Question 1

Key Concept 1: Life History

Answer 1

-Life history patterns vary among species and within a species
-Life History events are an adaptation

Question 2

David Sinclair

Answer 2

• Discovered the cause of death in yeast
• Believes that aging is a disease and that he can cure it

Question 3

Allocation

Answer 3

• the relative amounts of energy or resources that an organism devotes to different functions
• Can be divided between growth, survival, and reproduction
• Which varies amongst organisms

Question 4

Frogs Life History

Answer 4

-Is divided between an aquatic stage and a terrestrial one
-Resulting in a several evolutionary decisions
-Life history events are heritable and show variation among species and within
-Duration of tadpole
-Timing of metamorphosis

Question 5

Frog’s Aquatic Stage

Answer 5

• Egg stage
• Tadpole stage

Question 6

Frog’s Terrestrial Stage

Answer 6

• Juvenile Stage
• Adult Stage

Question 7

Genetic and Environmental Differences

Answer 7

-Some frogs lay eggs in freezing cold water temperatures
-Tropical frog breeds within a fluid and keeps its eggs outside of the pond altogether

Question 8

Phenotypic Plasticity

Answer 8

• May result in a continuous range of sizes, or discrete types called morphs
• Ex. Spadefoot toad is an example of both
• Phenotypic plasticity in timing of metamorphosis
• Tadpoles are the same genotype
• Adult phenotypes differ in side from accelerated

Question 9

Life Cycle Of a Coral

Answer 9

• Sexual Stage, Juvenile Stage, Adult Stage
  1. Meiosis
  2. Fertilization
  3. Larva
  4. Polyp (asexual)

Question 10

Sexual Stage of a Coral

Answer 10

• meiosis
• fertilization

Question 11

Juvenile Stage of a Coral

Answer 11

• Larva
• Polyp

Question 12

Adult Stage of a Coral

Answer 12

• the rest

Question 13

Key Concept 2 Life History:

Answer 13

• There are trade-offs between life history trait

Question 14

Key Concept 2 Life History Continued:

Answer 14

There are Trade-offs..
- between the number and size of offspring
- in organisms’ parental care
- between reproduction and survival

Question 15

Reproductive Sexual Maturity is Reached:

Answer 15

• Energy can be divided between growth or reproduction
• Growth can then stop or continue

Question 16

Allocation Energy:

Answer 16

• is fixed and can be divided between growth, survival, reproduction, and offspring quality
• Off-spring quality ( many or few)

Question 17

Parental Care:

Answer 17

• Invest time and energy to feed and protect offspring
• In the tropics, there are higher levels of competition in some areas, if you leave offspring alone, they can be consumed by predators
• Ex. fish, frogs, etc.

Question 18

Vivid Pairing:

Answer 18

• gives life, and seeds develop into embryos on the plant
• Trade-offs between copulating and survival

Question 19

Life History Key Concept 3:

Answer 19

• Organisms face different selection pressures at different life cycle stages

Question 20

The Origin of Life:

Answer 20

• the ocean
• diversity is very high

Question 21

Crabs:

Answer 21

• have direct development
• most adult crabs are in the Benthic stage

Question 22

Life Stages:

Answer 22

1. Planktonic
2. Non Planktonic/ Benthic

Question 23

Planktonic Life Stage:

Answer 23

• has success

Question 24

Non-Planktonic/ Benthic:

Answer 24

• do not live over evolutionary time as long as the planktonic ones

Question 25

Life History Key Concept 4:

Answer 25

- Reproductive patterns can be classified along several continua - Iteroparous and Semelparous

Question 26

Iteroparous:

Answer 26

- reproduces multiple times

Question 27

Semelparous:

Answer 27

- reproduces only once - Ex. pacific salmon, mayfly

Question 28

R-selected Species:

Answer 28

- live fast, die young - Short life spans - Rapid development - Early maturation - Low parental investment - High reproductive rate - Ex. insects, small vertebrates such as mice, weedy plant species

Question 29

K-selected Species:

Answer 29

- Populations that are at or near the carrying capacity for a population (K) - An advantage in crowded conditions - Long-lived - Develop slowly - Late maturation - Invest heavily in each offspring - Low reproduction rates - Ex. rhinos, tortoise, etc