why justice matters in health
- health not distributed equally
- how we structure fairness
- about systems as much as values
equity
- everyone gets what they need to reach the same outcome
distributive justice
fair allocation of resources and opportunities
procedural justice
fairness in how decisions are made
social justice
fairness across populations and social structures
restorative justice
repairing past harms or inequities
retributive justice
responding fairly to wrongdoing
compensatory justice
correcting unfair disadvantages
the social contract
shared agreement to form a society
John Rawls key question
what rules would rational people agree to if they didn’t know their own position in society
Rawls’ original position
people of equal liberty choose basic principles to guide political decisions - under veil of ignorance
veil of ignorance
- do not know how you live
- moral reasoning becomes impartial
Rawls’ theory of justice is grounded in two principles
- liberty principle - equal rights to basic liberties
- difference principle - inequalities arranged so they are to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged
- fair equality of opportunity principle - offices and positions are open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity
Rawls’ theory doesn’t focus on
- foreseeable results of an action
- right or wrong principles motivating action
- virtues of character
Rawls’ focuses on
social institution within which actions and policies are determined
metrics of justice according to Daniels
- resources - how society distributes resources
- capabilities - how society considers/fosters/active dimensions of human life
- welfare - how welfare is distributed
primary goods
what everyone ought to have
the wheel of power and Rawls’ liberty principle
- ‘power’ = more liberties
- disparities should be addressed so everyone has equal basic liberties
the wheel of power and Rawls’ difference principle/equal access of opportunity
- ‘marginalized’ = least advantaged
- differences to the greatest benefit of the disadvantaged
- equal opportunity
non correlative distributive principles
- maximization
- prioritarianism
- egalitarianism
- sufficientarianism
correlative distributive principles
- contribution
- effort
- tradition
