How to ensure you are getting proper staining?
control
atrichous
no flagella
endospores
- a dormant daughter cell formed in the main cell
- resists drying out, heat, chemicals, radiation
- not “alive”
what kills endospores
autoclaves
most notable endospore forming groups
bacillus and clostridium
example of bacillus
anthrax, insecticides
examples of clostridium
tetanus, botulism, gangrene
endospore stain
- use moist heat to stain endospore wall
- malachite green onto slide over a steaming water bath for 5 mins
- rinse with water
- counterstain with safranin
aseptic technique
- prevention of contamination when cultivating microorganisms
- containment of organisms ur working with
most common way to transfer bacteria
loop
most common way to keep things sterile and reduce airflow
flame
in aseptic technique, plates should be kept…
inverted and open only when actively used
bacterial growth
number not size
physical factors that affect growth
- temp
- pH
- salinity
- nutrients
mesophiles
cause disease b/c they optimally grow at body temp
most bacteria need a salt conc…
below 2%
chemical needs
- H and O
- C
- N
- P
- S
- Ca
- Trace elements
oxygen generates free radicals that damage ….
DNA, proteins and lipids
How do aerobically living organisms detoxify the free radicals produced by oxygen?
they produce a series of enzymes
