What are the three types of symbiotic relationships?
- Commensal (1 benefits, 1 neutral)
- Mutualistic (Both benefit)
- Parasitic (1 benefits, 1 harmed)
What is normal flora?
The organisms that routinely reside on the body’s surfaces
Where can normal flora be found?
- Mouth
- Ears
- Throat
- Nose
- Stomach
- Urethra
- Intestines
- Genital tract
- Skin
- Eyes
- Lungs
What is the difference between colonization and infection?
Colonization occurs when bacteria enter the body, while infection occurs when potentially pathogenic bacteria enter the body
Which organs should have little to no normal flora?
- Kidneys
- Liver
- Brain
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Heart
What is the mucociliary escalator?
A system within the respiratory tract where tiny hair-like structures called cilia, line the airways and move mucus containing pathogens out of the lungs.
List the four ways normal flora can be protective:
- Compete for attachment with pathogenic bacteria
- Produce antimicrobial substances
- Produce beneficial chemicals like vitamins, serotonin, etc.
- Stimulate immune system
When are normal flora harmful?
- Overgrowth
- Growth in a new location
What is the purpose of a fecal transplant?
To replace normal flora if levels are too low
Who is most likely to be a donor for a fecal transplant?
The person you spend the most time with: roommate, family, etc.
What increases Clostridium difficile infections to be more likely to occur?
Prolonged use of antibiotics, as it is incredibly resistant and takes advantage of the lack of normal flora.
