lecture: micro

Question 1

immunity

Answer 1

ability to fight off microbes and disease

Question 2

bacteria

Answer 2

round, rods, or spiral
lack a nucleus
causes TB , gonorrhea

Question 2

viruses

Answer 2

Have RNA/DNA surrounded by a protein coat and some have an envelope with spikes
they produce inside of cells and can cause disease like aids and herpes

Question 3

fungi

Answer 3

yeast used to make bteak or mold grow on bread and clothes
can casue disease like yeast infections, athletes foot

Question 4

microbes

Answer 4

can casue infection
can be useful to our bodies (cheese, yogurt)
make up more than half the oxygen

Question 5

prions

Answer 5

proteins that cuase disease by changing shape of a normal protein
can casue mad cow disease

Question 5

microbiome

Answer 5

bacteria that live in and on us and they help prevent disease causing microbes form becoming too numerous

Question 6

barriers to entry (1st line of defense

Answer 6

the intact skin and mucus membrane of our body cavities generally keep most microbes out
first line of defense

Question 6

lymphatic system

Answer 6

fluid called lymph bathes all cells and tissues
needs to be drained so it enters lymphatic vessels which drains it into the blood stream and is elimated in the urine
as lymph flows through the bessels, it passes through lymph nodes and otoher organs like the spleeny tonsils
stores WBS and is where omst battle between our WBC’s and microbes occur

Question 7

lymph

Answer 7

tissue fluid that comes from the blood of each cell

Question 8

2nd line of defense

Answer 8

WBC like neutrophils and macrophages are responsible for swallowing and killing microbes
some T cells look for and kill cancer cells and body cells infected with viruses
complement proteins stick to bacteria that enter the bod and poke holes in them killing them
when the body is injured or damaged, inflamattion occurs

Question 9

redness

Answer 9

cuased by increased blood flow

Question 9

B cells

Answer 9

make plasma cells that make antibodies which circulate, bind to the antigens of the molecule, killing them, this is the primary response
some B cells make memory cells which are stored for the future

Question 9

swelling

Answer 9

increased number of cells

Question 10

pain

Answer 10

casued by certain chemicals and extra fluid pressure on nerves

Question 10

heat

Answer 10

extra blood

Question 11

autoimmune disease

Answer 11

disease like rheumatoid arthriric, type 1 siabetes and multiple serirosis involve the immune system mistaking our cella as invaders and attacking them
can be reated with immuno-supressive drugs

Question 11

3rd line of defesne

Answer 11

called immune system
target specific microbes or particles and remebers them in the future
WBC recognize our cells form foreign cells
WBC looks for markers
microphrages and T cells regonize bacteria antigens, swallow the microbe, and call other T and B cells which have proteins on their surface called antibodies

Question 12

vaccine

Answer 12

changed antigen (killed or weakened) that should not make us sick
when injected, it cuases us to make antibodies and memory cells
this protection is permanent becuase of the memory cells

Question 12

memory cells

Answer 12

if that microbe enters the body again, the memory cells will respond and make antibodies to protect us
they usually work so fast and much so much antibodies that the 2nd and later times we wont get sick from that microbe again
this is the secondary response

Question 12

active immunity

Answer 12

this is the making of antibodies against the antigen (microbes, toxin)
this takes place thorugh an infection or vaccination

Question 13

passive immunity

Answer 13

the giving of antibodies to a person either in an injection, in mothers milk, or the fetus gets it thorugh the placenta
this protection is temp
no memory cella re made
gamma globulin is an injection with antibodies form different people

Question 13

allergies

Answer 13

allergens are harmless substances, but some poeple still react to them as though they are dangerous (pollen, cat hair, peanuts)
when the body makes antibodies against them, the IGs can trigger most cells and basophils to release histomine
this casues symptoms (rashes, itching, cold-like symptoms)

Question 13

organ injection

Answer 13

if we get an organ from a donor, doctors try to match our markers and the dono markers as closely as possible
even so, our WBC’s will try to reject of destroy that prgan
drugs are taekn to kill the WBC responsible

Question 13

anaphylactic shock

Answer 13

an extreme reaction to an allergen and can occur in minutes or seconds so much histomine is released that it can cause breahting problems, chock, anc death antihistamines are drugs that block histomine and prevent symptoms