The impact of natural or man-made events which have adverse effects to life, property and economic activities resulting in temporary or permanent changes to both social and physical environments.
DISASTER
TYPES OF DISASTERS
- NATURAL DISASTERS
- MAN-MADE DISASTERS
- COMPOUND DISASTERS
Events caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, droughts, and volcanic eruptions.
NATURAL DISASTERS
Events caused by human actions or negligence such as oil spills.
MAN-MADE DISASTERS
When two or more disasters happen simultaneously or sequentially, for example a tsunami can occur after an earthquake.
COMPOUND DISASTERS
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
- Injury or loss of life
- Damage to property and infrastractures
- Disruption of economic activities
- Disruption of essential services
- Environmental damage
- Psycho-social interference
The process where magma, gases, and rock fragments are violently expelled from beneath the Earth’s surface through a vent or opening.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Pollutes the air and
water resources and could also damage the top soil making it difficult to
support the existence of plants and trees.
LAHAR
moves out of the crater
and destroys everything that crosses its path.
LAVA
A chain of fast moving huge waves, commonly caused by the eruption of
underwater volcanoes, earthquakes, or even the impact of meteorites. Can
assault coastlines, often with little or no warning.
TSUNAMI
A storm system that produces strong winds and torrential rain. Feed on heat released when moist air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor
contained in the moist air. They develop over large bodies of warm water, and lose their strength if they move over land.
TROPICAL CYCLONE
The rising water level in a particular area results from a very high volume of rainwater and the lack of an efficient drainage system or a relief system that will drain the excess water.
FLOOD
It involves the immediate cascading of a huge volume of soil particles from
higher ground to the lower level usually caused by the strong current of water from themountain or hill top. This could be attributed also to the absence of trees, plants and their roots that hold the soil in their place.
LANDSLIDE
Material detaches from a steep slope or cliff and moves freely through the
air, bouncing and rolling.
FALL
A block of material rotates forward around a pivot point, separating from
a slope and then falling.
TOPPLE
A mass of rock, soil, or debris moves along a defined slip surface, either in a straight path (translational) or a curved one (rotational).
SLIDE
The ground is pulled apart and moves laterally, often in a liquefied or fractured state, caused by forces like an earthquake.
SPREAD
Material behaves like a viscous fluid, moving in a flowing manner, often
when wet; debris flows and mudflows are common examples.
FLOW
It is a condition in which the soil dries up, commonly caused by intense heat and
the absence of rainfall. Makes it difficult for the soil to support plants and other
living organisms that depend on it.
DROUGHT
caused by contamination of mineral salts and other chemical elements destructive to the soil. This problem is a serious threat to food production.
DROUGHT
This happens when a lack of soil moisture, driven by
meteorological and hydrological drought, reduces water available for plants and crops. It results in stressed vegetation and reduced crop yields.
AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT
This is a broader impact, occurring when the supply of
a particular economic good (like water) is insufficient for its demand. It involves
social and economic consequences, such as food shortages or economic losses, arising from any of the other drought types.
SOCIOECONOMIC DROUGHT
This type develops when the lack of precipitation affects
surface water and groundwater supplies. It means low water levels in rivers, lakes, and aquifers.
HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT
This is the most basic form, occurring when a region
receives significantly less precipitation than it normally would. It’s defined by a
prolonged absence of rain.
METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT
