Lesson 1 Systems

Question 1

What is the fuselage in a helicopter?

Answer 1

The exterior main body of the aircraft that encloses the engines, transmission, airframe, and cabin.

Question 2

What are the two types of landing gear for helicopters?

Answer 2

• Skids
• Wheels

Question 3

What is the purpose of landing gear in helicopters?

Answer 3

To avoid setting the fuselage on the surface and to absorb the impact of hard landings.

Question 4

What is the role of the collective pitch control?

Answer 4

To change the pitch of the main rotor blades simultaneously.

Question 5

What is the function of the cyclic pitch control?

Answer 5

To change the pitch in certain parts of the main rotor disk and control horizontal direction.

Question 6

What do the anti-torque pedals control?

Answer 6

The pitch of the tail rotor blades.

Question 7

What is the function of a governor in helicopter systems?

Answer 7

To detect engine and rotor rpm and make adjustments to keep rotor rpm constant.

Question 8

What is detonation in engine terms?

Answer 8

Explosive burning of fuel caused by using a lower than recommended grade of fuel.

Question 9

What is pre-ignition?

Answer 9

Fuel burning before intended.

Question 10

What is carburetor icing?

Answer 10

Icing that occurs in the venturi tube of a carburetor and on the throttle valve due to lower pressure and temperature.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the induction system in a helicopter?

Answer 11

To supply air for the engine to operate.

Question 12

What is the main function of the helicopter drive train?

Answer 12

To transmit power from the powerplant to the main and tail rotor.

Question 13

What does the clutch in a helicopter allow?

Answer 13

The engine to be started without the starter having to turn the blades.

Question 14

What is the function of gearboxes in a helicopter?

Answer 14

To change the direction of power and provide either power reduction or increase.

Question 15

What are the basic components of a rotor system?

Answer 15

• Mast
• Swash plate
• Hub
• Rotor Blade

Question 16

What is a semi-rigid rotor system?

Answer 16

A rotor system with blades that are rigidly mounted to the rotor hub but can tilt on a teeter hinge.

Question 17

What is the coanda effect in relation to NOTAR?

Answer 17

The phenomenon where air follows the curve of the tail boom, creating up to 60% of the anti-torque needed at a hover.

Question 18

What are the main components of the electrical system in a helicopter?

Answer 18

• Battery
• Alternator
• Bus Bars
• Circuit Breakers
• Connecting wires
• Electrical accessories

Question 19

What is the purpose of the ignition system in helicopters?

Answer 19

To supply the necessary voltage to power the spark plugs.

Question 20

What is the fuel system in helicopters generally based on?

Answer 20

Gravity fed and typically runs on 100 LL.

Question 21

What should be done to prevent fuel contamination?

Answer 21

Ensure fuel caps are not removed for long periods and verify good fuel is being put into the aircraft.

Question 22

What indicates a fuel malfunction in a helicopter?

Answer 22

Erratic engine operation or sound.

Question 23

When is carburetor heat required?

Answer 23

When temperatures are between -4 and 30 degrees Celsius with a dew point spread below 15 degrees.

Question 24

What is the function of the swashplate in a helicopter?

Answer 24

To transmit the input from the helicopter controls to the main rotor system.

Question 25

What is a key characteristic of the traditional tail rotor?

Answer 25

Rotor blades mounted on the outside of the tail boom.

Question 26

What should be done with contaminated fuel?

Answer 26

Contaminated fuel should be sumped until it is gone completely.

Question 27

What can cause fuel malfunctions?

Answer 27

Fuel malfunctions can be caused by: * Lack of fuel * Fuel contamination * Inadvertent fuel shut-off actuation * Pump failure (in the raven) * Blockage of the fuel filter

Question 28

What are the four functions of oil?

Answer 28

* Cool - moves heat away from parts * Clean - pulls dirt from between metal parts * Seal - seals in between metal pieces * Lubricate - makes pieces easier to move

Question 29

What components make up the oil system?

Answer 29

* The sump * Oil Pump * Oil Filter * Oil Coolers (R-22 has one, R-44 has two)

Question 30

What is the function of the pitot-static system?

Answer 30

It senses local atmospheric pressure to display altitude, airspeed, and vertical speed.

Question 31

What is magnetic dip?

Answer 31

A compass tends to dip toward the nearest magnetic pole.

Question 32

What is variation in compass errors?

Answer 32

The difference between true (grid) north and magnetic north.

Question 33

What should be done to compensate for northerly turning errors (UNOS)?

Answer 33

Use the equation: half our latitude plus fifteen to adjust turns. Undershoot while turning north, overshoot while turning south

Question 34

What is the purpose of the environmental system in an aircraft?

Answer 34

To control the environment within the cabin, including heating and ventilation.

Question 35

What is the purpose of deicing and anti-icing systems?

Answer 35

Deicing removes ice that has built up, while anti-icing prevents ice from forming.

Question 36

What is clear ice?

Answer 36

Large drops of water freeze slowly on the aircraft creating a clear layer of ice.

Question 37

What is rime ice?

Answer 37

Smaller water droplets freeze quickly with air, creating an opaque layer of ice.

Question 38

What is a pneumatic de-ice boot?

Answer 38

A rubber boot that inflates to break ice from the leading edge.

Question 39

What is the main function of the exhaust system?

Answer 39

To carry toxic exhaust gases from the engine and discharge them safely overboard.

Question 40

What type of landing gear does the R22 use?

Answer 40

Spring and yield skids

Question 41

What are the 6 compass errors?

Answer 41

VDMONA - Variation, Deviation, Magnetic dip, Oscillation, Northerly turning errors, Acceleration errors

Question 42

What is Deviation?

Answer 42

A compass error caused by interference of the aircraft's systems

Question 43

What is oscillation?

Answer 43

The combination of other compass errors causing the compass to oscillate, or swing back and forth

Question 44

What are Northerly turning errors?

Answer 44

An error where the compass reads inaccurately during a turn towards the north or south. In the nothern hemisphere, use UNOS - undershoot north, overshoot south to compensate

Question 45

What are Acceleration errors?

Answer 45

While on an east or west heading, changes in airspeed will indicate a turn north or south. In the northern hemisphere, use ANDS - accelerate north, decelerate south

Question 46

What is the ASI and what does it indicate?

Answer 46

Airspeed indicator, indicates airspeed by measuring the difference between ram air pressure and static pressure

Question 47

What is the ALT and what does it indicate?

Answer 47

Altimeter, indicates altitude by measuring the difference between sealed pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury and static pressure

Question 48

What is the VSI and what does it indicate?

Answer 48

Vertical Speed Indicator, indicates rate of altitude change by measuring the difference between present static pressure and past static pressure