Lesson 2

Question 1

cell structure

Answer 1

• nucleus
• mitochondria
• chromosomes
• DNA

Question 2

characteristics of living things

Answer 2

• metabolism
• growth
• reproduction
• irritability
• self generated motion

Question 3

basic unit of human life

Answer 3

cell

Question 4

• group of cells that have a common function
• five basic types of tissue with subordinate groups within each type
• categorized by differing amounts and kinds of intercellular material and different shapes of cells

Answer 4

tissues

Question 5

tissues are categorized by

Answer 5

differing amounts and kinds of intercellular material and different shapes of cells

Question 6

elementary tissues

Answer 6

• Epithelial
• connective
• muscle
• nervous
• vascular

Question 7

sheets of cells resting on a collagen-based membranous surface

Answer 7

epithelial tissue

Question 8

where is epithelial tissue at?

Answer 8

• skin
• glandular
• lining of body cavities
• cilia

Question 9

bind and support various structures in the body. mostly intercellular matrix of various kinds within which are the cells

Answer 9

connective tissue

Question 10

mix of white and yellow fibers

Answer 10

areolar and adipose

Question 11

white fibers

Answer 11

tendons (tight)

Question 12

yellow fibers

Answer 12

ligaments (loose)

Question 13

connect muscles to other muscles, to bones or to cartliages

Answer 13

tendons

Question 14

tendon that connects to itself

Answer 14

aponeurosis

Question 15

connects bone to cone, cartilage to cartilage, or bone to cartilage

Answer 15

ligaments

Question 16

• part of the skeletal system

- withstands great pressure, but tears easily

Answer 16

cartilage (chondro)

Question 17

types of cartilage

Answer 17

• hyaline
• elastic
• fibrocartilage

Question 18

milky white; forms structures like larynx and trachea; collagen fibers in its intercellular matrix; may “ossify” or harden over time

Answer 18

hyaline

Question 19

yellowish; elastic fibers; forms pinna, nose, epiglottis

Answer 19

elastic

Question 20

surfaces between the vertebrae and surfaces of the temporo-mandibular joint

Answer 20

fibro-cartilage

Question 21

• main portion of skeletal system
• strong, rigid
• intercellular matrix largely inorganic salts

Answer 21

bone (os)

Question 22

connections between bones and bones, cartilages and cartilages, and bones and cartilages

Answer 22

joints (arthro)

Question 23

types of joints

Answer 23

• syntarthroidial
• amphiarthroidial
• diarthroidial

Question 24

between bones of cranium; fibrous or immovable

Answer 24

syntarthroidial

Question 25

allow moderate flexion between bones; flexible; vertebrae and spinal column

Answer 25

amphiarthroidial

Question 26

allow movement between bones or cartilages; movable or synovial; elbow, laryngeal cartilages

Answer 26

diarthroidial

Question 27

types of vascular tissue

Answer 27

- blood | - lymph

Question 28

- brings nutrients to the cells of the body - carries bi-products of metabolism away from the cells of the body - matrix = plasma - blood cells (red and white)

Answer 28

blood

Question 29

- defense against disease | - has its own circulatory system

Answer 29

lymph

Question 30

- tissues that provides movement in the body

Answer 30

muscles (myo, mylo, sarco)

Question 31

types of muscle

Answer 31

- striated - smooth - cardiac

Question 32

voluntary, somatic, skeletal; we control to effect movement; running, chewing, articulating speech; contract = shorter

Answer 32

striated muscle

Question 33

involuntary and visceral; forms many internal organs over which we do not have voluntary control; esophagus, intestines; squeezing, milking action

Answer 33

smooth muscle

Question 34

characteristics of straited and smooth muscle; forms the heart

Answer 34

cardiac muscle

Question 35

the amount of contraction present even when a muscle is not being actively used

Answer 35

tone

Question 36

low muscle tone

Answer 36

hypotonia

Question 37

excessive tone

Answer 37

hypetonic

Question 38

muscle attachments

Answer 38

- origin - insertion - course

Question 39

the more fixed end of the muscle

Answer 39

origin

Question 40

the end of the muscle that moves the most

Answer 40

insertion

Question 41

the direction in which the muscle lies

Answer 41

course

Question 42

how to name conventions

Answer 42

- by origin and insertion - by function - by location

Question 43

the cells comprising the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Answer 43

neurons

Question 44

respond to external stimuli and send bioelectrical signals to the brain through a chain of _______________

Answer 44

afferent neurons

Question 45

carry bioelectrical signals from the brain to other parts of the body through a chain of __________ (send the signals that make muscles move)

Answer 45

efferent neurons

Question 46

collections of tissues that work together in functional unity

Answer 46

organs and tissue aggregates