Organismic Constraints
-relate to the physical ability and maturity level of the learner
Ex) young kids strength determines their movement technique
Environmental Constraints
Include physical and social environment considerations
-factors like weather and sociocultural elements impact learning
Task Constraints
Involve practical aspects like:
-available equipment
-developmental level of students
-what the body is being asked to do
Dynamical Systems theory explains
Young kids -don’t have strength to use a one handed free throw
-so they used a two handed underhand shot
3 Stages of Motor Learning
1) Cognitive- making sense of situation
2) Associative- coordinating parts of skill
3) Automatic- don’t have to focus on skill, its easy
Cognitive stage of Motor Learning
-relies in visual and auditory info to understand
-try not to overwhelm
-giving feedback isn’t too helpful
-let them practice and repeat skill
Biggest challenge with students at cognitive stage?
They wont be very good and so teaching them too much as once will overwhelmed them
5 causes of fear and failure
1) feeling shame and embarrassment
2) feeling a decline in self esteem
3) feeling they have disappointed others
4) feeling others are less interested in them
5) feeling they have negatively affected their future
Associative stage of Learning rundown
-in between stage
-learner can embrace skill challenges
-don’t have consistent skill execution
-more refined movement patterns
-can be here for a long time with complex skills
Automatic stage of Motor Learning rundown
-learner doesn’t have to think about execution
-consistent skill execution
-can apply skill in more challenging environments
5 Requirements needed to learn a Motor Skill
1) Prerequities (what you’ve done before)
2) Clear idea of the task (knowledge and understanding)
3) Motivational/ Attentional disposition to skill (the desire to learn)
4) Practice (reps)
5) Feedback (how they are doing)
Feedback from a teacher to a student needs to be
Specific, prioritized, and free of judgement
