Lesson 5 Flashcards by Yevi aral na aral

⮚It is defined as either of the two major
forms of individuals that occur in many
species and that are distinguished
respectively as female or male especially
on their basis of reproductive organs.

Sex

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-biological (nature)
-Male and Female

Sex

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⮚It is the range of characteristics pertaining to and
differentiating between masculinity and femininity.
⮚It is characterized by the behavioral, cultural, or
psychological traits typically associated with one
sex.

Gender

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⮚It came from the Latin term “________” which means
kind, type, or sort.

Gender

“genus”

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kind/type/sort

Gender

“genus”

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cultural, psychological, mental, behavioral, social emotional, gender

Gender

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⮚It refers to the development perspective and process
that is participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights supportive of self-determination and actualization of human potentials.

Gender and Development (GAD)

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⮚It seeks to achieve gender equality as a fundamental
value.

Gender and Development (GAD)

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empowering
equitable - address
sustainable - consistency
free from violence
respectful of human rights
self - determination

Gender and Development (GAD)

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⮚It is an approach that implements approaches to understanding and addressing the disparate impact of economic development and globalization have on people based upon their gender.

GAD-lines

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Early Approaches

Women and Development (WAD)

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⮚It is the first contemporary movement to
specifically integrate women in the broader
development agenda.
⮚It states that women’s disadvantages in the society
may be eliminated by breaking down expectations
in women and by offering education and equal
opportunities.

Women and Development (WAD)

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⮚It focused on the development of women.
⮚It stresses the relationship of between _______
and the _______ they perform.
⮚Rather than focusing on women as
“___________”, they should be playing an
__________ on those development projects.

Women and Development (WAD)

women
work
active role
development aid

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Knowledge is _________

power

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Freedom of Expression

Article 3 Sec 4

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Gender Identity and Roles

SOGIE

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SOGIE

⮚Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and
Expression

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⮚a person’s identity in relation to the gender or
genders to which they are sexually attracted; the
fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, etc

Sexual Orientation

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Heterosexual - Straight
Homosexual - Attracted to same sex

Sexual Orientation

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⮚It is the individual’s personal sense of having a particular gender.
⮚It includes but is not limited to people who identify as transgender, trans woman (male-to-female), trans man (female-to-male), transsexual, cross-dresser, gender non-conforming, gender
variant or gender queer.

Gender Identity

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⮚It refers to the personal identification with
a particular gender and gender role in the
society.
⮚It is said that the concept of gender is
nurture as it can be molded by the society.

Gender Identity

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Personal Identification

Gender Identity

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women

Butter

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who are in between or not at all

Queer

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LGBTQIA+

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual

⮚the way in which a person expresses their gender identity, typically through their appearance, dress, and behavior.

Gender Expression

⮚According to ___________, the concept of a being a woman is not limited on the society’s point of view of an image of a “_____” woman but is also as sense of self, a culturally conditioned or constructed subjective identity.

Judith Butler "real"

⮚It is defined as the actions or responses that may reveal the status as masculine or feminine, respectively. ⮚Elements such as clothing, speech patterns, movement, occupations, are concerned on the gender roles.

GENDER ROLE

When Does A Gender Role Start?

⮚It is said that Gender roles are “formed during the socialization phases of childhood and adolescence.” ⮚Parents, relatives, and playmates can impact the perception of the child on their gender roles.

GENDER IDENTITY TERMS

1. MASCULINE 2. FEMININE 3. CISGENDER 4. HOMOSEXUAL 5. HETEROSEXUAL 6. THIRD GENDER 7. TRANSGENDER 8. TRANSSEXUAL 9. CROSS-DRESSER 10. NON-BINARY/ GENDER QUEER 11. PANGENDER 12. AGENDER 13. ANDROGYNE (HERMAPHRODITE) 14. GENDER-FLUID 15. NEUTROIS (NEUTRAL) 16. TRANSMASCULINE 17. TRANSFEMININE

⮚It refers to the male sex and gender identity.

MASCULINE

⮚It refers to the female sex or gender.

FEMININE

⮚“Cis” is a Latin prefix that means “on the same side as”. ⮚These are people identified by conforming and corresponding on their sex on birth.

CISGENDER

⮚It refers to those people who are sexually attracted to people of the same sex.

HOMOSEXUAL

⮚It refers to those people who are sexually attracted to the people of the opposite sex.

HETEROSEXUAL

⮚It is a term used in some cultures to describe someone who doesn’t identify himself/herself as man or woman.

THIRD GENDER

⮚A term for people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.

TRANSGENDER

⮚An older term originated in medical communities. ⮚They refer to the person who have permanently changed-or seek to change their bodies through medical interventions or surgeries.

TRANSSEXUAL

⮚They refer to men who occasionally wear clothes, makeup, and accessories culturally associated with women. ⮚They may be identified as heterosexual and does this as gender expression.

CROSS-DRESSER

⮚In really simple terms, a non-binary person is someone who does not identify as exclusively a man or a woman. Someone who is non-binary might feel like a mix of genders, or like they have no gender at all. Personally, I identify outside of the gender binary entirely. I am not a boy or girl at all. ⮚It may be in-between, or even wholly different on masculinity and femininity. ⮚They are not related and synonymous for transgender and transsexual.

NON-BINARY/ GENDER QUEER

⮚Someone whose identity is comprised of all or many gender identities and expressions. ⮚Polysexual/Polyamorous: Attraction to multiple partners simultaneously. These people can also be bi, straight, gay, pan, or other type of orientation.

PANGENDER

⮚It refers to a person who does not identify with any gender, or intentionally doesn’t follow expectations of gender.

AGENDER

⮚The possession of both masculine and feminine characteristics in humans. In comparison, hermaphroditism is the possession of both male and female reproductive organs in plants and animals. Androgyny may be expressed with regard to biological sex, gender identity, or gender expression.

ANDROGYNE (HERMAPHRODITE)

⮚It refers to someone for whom gender identity and presentation is a spectrum. ⮚They may fluctuate between presenting as feminine, masculine, neither, or both.

GENDER-FLUID

⮚A generic term for persons who does not identify themselves as man or woman. ⮚Agender, gender-fluid, non-binary, and genderless people are classified as neutrois.

NEUTROIS (NEUTRAL)

⮚Someone who is assigned female at birth, but identifies and presents themselves as masculine.

TRANSMASCULINE

⮚Someone who is assigned male at birth, but identifies and presents as feminine.

TRANSFEMININE

⮚It is said that there is a linkage in the gender identity and roles to the psychological make up of a person

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GENDERS

According to ___________, research shows that transgender people more often suffer symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety than cisgender people

Jessica Orwig

⮚It is a virus that damages the immune system. It kills cells that defends our body against serious diseases. ⮚It is a lifelong condition and currently, there is no cure. ⮚Without treatment, a person with HIV is likely to develop a serious called AIDS.

HIV (HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS)

HOW IS IT TRANSMITED?

⮚It is included on the bodily fluids like: ⮚BLOOD ⮚SEMEN ⮚VAGINAL OR RECTAL FLUIDS

SYMPTOMS:

⮚Fever ⮚Fatigue ⮚Swollen lymph nodes ⮚Diarrhea ⮚Oral yeast infection (thrush) ⮚Shingles (herpes zoster)

⮚It is a disease that can develop in a person stricken with HIV since it is its advanced stage.

AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME)

SYMPTOMS:

⮚Soaking night sweats ⮚Recurring fever ⮚Chronic diarrhea ⮚Persistent white spots in tongue ⮚Persistent, unexplained fatigue ⮚Weight loss ⮚Skin rashes or bumps.

COMPLICATIONS:

⮚Tuberculosis (TB) ⮚Cytomegalovirus ⮚Lymphoma ⮚Kidney disease

⮚ Its defied as violating or not conforming on the expected rules or norms including an enacted rule. ⮚It is a behavior that departs significantly from social expectations.

DEVIANCE

⮚Stresses social context, not individual behavior. ⮚Recognizes that not all behaviors are judged similarly by all groups. ⮚Recognizes that established rules and norms are socially created.

DEVIANCE

"Deviant"

- Principle of two lesser evil - Two lesser evil - Dilemma is a choice

DEVIANCE

standards that given of our society

"Social Context"

TYPES OF DEVIANCES

1. FORMAL DEVIANCE 2. INFORMAL DEVIANCE

⮚It is considered as crime, that violates the society.

FORMAL DEVIANCE

crime (law)

FORMAL DEVIANCE

⮚Are considered minor violations that break unwritten rules of social life.

INFORMAL DEVIANCE

punishable by the society

INFORMAL DEVIANCE

⮚It is considered as social form of behavior considered as deviant by the majority. ⮚The term taboo came from the Tongan term “______” meaning “under prohibition”, “not allowed”, or “forbidden.”

SOCIAL TABOO tapu

"tapu" -> forbidden

"Taboo"

SOCIAL TABOO

* Cultural * Religious * Food

a theorist, identified different types of deviant behavior

Howard Becker

"sociology" study of society

Howard Becker

Howard Becker, a theorist, identified different types of deviant behavior labels as:

1) FALSELY ACCUSING AN INDIVIDUAL 2) PURE DEVIANCE 3) CONFORMING 4) SECRET DEVIANCE

⮚Others perceive the individual to be obtaining obedient behaviors.

FALSELY ACCUSING AN INDIVIDUAL

1. Falsely Accusing an Individual

( Deviant ) [Yes or No ✓]

⮚Is the perceptions of an individual as participating in deviant or rule-breaking behavior.

2) PURE DEVIANCE

2. Pure Deviance

( Deviant ) [Yes ✓or No]

⮚Others perceive the individual to be participating in the social norms that are distributed within societies.

3) CONFORMING

3. Conforming

( Deviant ) [Yes or No✓]

⮚The individual is not perceived as deviant or participating in any rule-breaking behaviors.

4) SECRET DEVIANCE

4. Secret Deviance

(Deviant) [Yes✓ or No]

⮚Discussed deviance and the goals and how it is connected to anomie. ⮚He proposed that the individual’s response to societal expectations and the means by which the individual pursued those goals were useful in understanding deviance. ⮚It stresses the connection of an individuals goals against the sheer pressure to the society to condone or to follow on it.

Robert K. Merton

strained theory" sinasala sa society

Robert K. Merton

Merton’s 5 types of Deviance

1) Innovation 2) Conformists 3) Ritualism 4) Retreatism 5) Rebellion

⮚This is a response due to the pressure generated by one’s culture on emphasis on wealth and the lack of opportunities to “get rich.” ⮚This causes some people to be innovators by stealing, deceiving others, or selling drugs.

Innovation

1. Innovation

[×Institutional means or Objective✓]

⮚These are people who “accept” the society’s goals and the acceptable means of achieving them. ⮚These are people are mostly middle-classers who have been able to access opportunities in society.

Conformists

2. Conformist

[Institutional means✓ or Objective✓]

⮚It refers to the inability to reach a cultural goal thus embracing the rules to the point where the people in question lose sight of their larger goals in order to feel respectable.

Ritualism

3. Ritualism

[✓Institutional means or Objective×]

⮚It refers to the rejection of both cultural goals and means, letting the person to “drop out.” ⮚According to Merton, they are the “true” deviants as they reject the society’s values.

Retreatism

4. Retreatism

[×Institutional means or Objective×]

⮚Is somewhat similar to retreatism, but somehow, they have a “counterculture” that supports other social orders that already exists. ⮚They reject the society’s goals and means, and replaces them with another goal.

5) Rebellion

5. Rebellion

[✓Institutional means or Objective✓]

This theory stresses: All behavior is learned; therefore deviant behavior is also learned. The theory focuses on the key variables involved in learning: ✔Age of the learner ✔Intensity of contact with the deviant (teacher) ✔Ratio of “good” and “bad” social contracts on the learner’s life.

Cultural Transmission/Differential Associations Theory

⮚It is a core of interactionism proposed by Frank Tennenbaum and Howard S. Becker. ⮚This theory suggests that the society creates and defines deviance by making rules thereby constitutes it.

The Labeling Theory

⮚ Is the process of “social audience” (stereotyping) wherein the society judges and defining acts or behaviors as deviant. ⮚ In other words, something is considered as deviant if it is labelled by the society per se

The Labeling Theory

label sa society called "_______________"

Labeling stereotyping

Lesson 5 Flashcards

(96 cards)